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The global extent of the grassland biome and implications for the terrestrial carbon sink
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Guelph, Canada.
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Guelph, Canada.
Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, ON, Guelph, Canada.
Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
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2026 (English)In: Nature Ecology & Evolution, E-ISSN 2397-334X, Vol. 10, no 2, p. 246-257Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Land cover data are commonly used to model the terrestrial carbon (C) sink, yet these data have wide margins of error that significantly alter estimates of global C storage. Here we demonstrate this data vulnerability in grasslands, which are critical to C cycling but whose estimated distribution has varied by >50 million km2 (3.5-42% of the Earth's terrestrial surface). Comparing multiple high-resolution land cover products with expertly annotated grassland data from six continents, we show sources of mapping error and discuss C implications based on 2023 United Nations (UN) FAO estimates. Past misidentification arose from inconsistent definitions on grassland identity and classification flaws especially relating to woody plant cover. Correcting these errors adjusted grassland coverage to 22.8% of the terrestrial land base (30.1 million km2), elevating UN projections of soil C stocks to 155.02 Pg (0-30 cm depth). These findings underscore the challenges of biome mapping for ecosystem accounting and policy, when lacking field-validated remotely sensed data.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2026. Vol. 10, no 2, p. 246-257
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Ecology Physical Geography
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-250606DOI: 10.1038/s41559-025-02955-6ISI: 001672838600001PubMedID: 41593186Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105029912577OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-250606DiVA, id: diva2:2045643
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2021-05767Swedish Research Council Formas, 2020-01073German Research Foundation (DFG), DFG– FZT 118, 202548816German Research Foundation (DFG), Ei 862/29-1Available from: 2026-03-13 Created: 2026-03-13 Last updated: 2026-03-13Bibliographically approved

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Dietrich, JanHagenberg, Liyenne Wu ChenMonsimet, JérémyPijcke, FemkeRamirez, Juan IgnacioSiewert, Matthias B.

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Dietrich, JanHagenberg, Liyenne Wu ChenMonsimet, JérémyPijcke, FemkeRamirez, Juan IgnacioSiewert, Matthias B.
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