Question Zero for explainability and vice versa: the case of the EU’s AI first strategyShow others and affiliations
2026 (English)In: Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: 23rd International Conference, EPCE 2026 Held as Part of the 28th HCI International Conference, HCII 2026 Montreal, QC, Canada, July 26–31, 2026 Proceedings, Part I / [ed] Wen-Chin Li; Anastasios Plioutsias, Cham: Springer, 2026, p. 17-31Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]
Dominant approaches to explainability in AI emphasise post hoc technical transparency, overlooking the socio-technical contexts in which systems are developed, deployed, and experienced. This paper argues that beginning AI adoption processes with Question Zero (Q0), “Should we adopt an AI system in the first place?”, reframes explainability as an essential requirement across the entire AI lifecycle rather than a narrow compliance task. Q0 challenges entrenched techno-solutionist assumptions that position AI as the default or best option, encouraging early integration of considerations of explainability in system design. By foregrounding this, Q0 shifts explainability towards purpose aligned, stakeholder aware forms that move beyond generic model centred outputs. Further, the paper reflects on how explainability can also strengthen Q0 by providing tools to assess the proportionality of AI adoption, clarify problem framing, and make visible the alternatives excluded during design. Taken together, these dual perspectives, Q0 for explainability and explainability for Q0, offer multidimensional opportunities for enhancing explainability. The paper illustrates this argument through reflection on the need, and value of, applying QO in the context of the European Commission’s Apply AI Strategy.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2026. p. 17-31
Series
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN 0302-9743, E-ISSN 1611-3349 ; 16707
Keywords [en]
Question Zero, Q0, Explainability, European Union, EU, European Commission, Apply AI Strategy, AI Policy, AI first, Case Study
National Category
Computer Sciences Human Computer Interaction Political Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-255850DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-29456-2_2Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105043222638ISBN: 978-3-032-29456-2 (electronic)ISBN: 978-3-032-29455-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-255850DiVA, id: diva2:2078857
Conference
23rd International Conference, EPCE 2026 Held as Part of the 28th HCI International Conference, HCII 2026, Montreal, QC, Canada, July 26–31, 2026
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation2026-06-242026-06-242026-07-14Bibliographically approved