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On the complexity of the Maker-Breaker happy vertex game
Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, LaBRI UMR CNRS 5800, Talence, France.
ENS de Lyon, France.
Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik.
2026 (Engelska)Ingår i: 13th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms (FUN 2026) / [ed] John Iacono, Dagstuhl Publishing, 2026, artikel-id 24Konferensbidrag, Publicerat paper (Refereegranskat)
Abstract [en]

Given a c-colored graph G, a vertex v of G is said to be happy if it has the same color as all its neighbors. The notion of happy vertices was introduced by Zhang and Li [27] to compute the homophily of a graph. Eto, Fujimoto, Kiya, Matsushita, Miyano, Murao and Saitoh [11] introduced the Maker-Maker version of the Happy vertex game, where two players compete to claim more happy vertices than their opponent. We introduce here the Maker-Breaker happy vertex game: two players, Maker and Breaker, alternately color the vertices of a graph with their respective colors. Maker aims to maximize the number of happy vertices at the end, while Breaker aims to prevent her. This game is also a scoring version of the Maker-Breaker domination game introduced by Duchene, Gledel, Parreau and Renault [8], as a happy vertex corresponds exactly to a vertex that is not dominated in the domination game. Therefore, this game is a very natural game on graphs and can be studied within the scope of scoring positional games [3]. We initiate here the complexity study of this game, by proving that computing its score is PSPACE-complete on trees, NP-hard on caterpillars, and polynomial on subdivided stars. Finally, we provide the exact value of the score on graphs of maximum degree 2, and we provide an FPT-algorithm to compute the score on graphs of bounded neighborhood diversity. An important contribution of the paper is that, to achieve our hardness results, we introduce a new type of incidence graph called the literal-clause incidence graph for 2-SAT formulas. We prove that QMAX 2-SAT remains PSPACE-complete even if this graph is acyclic, and that MAX 2-SAT remains NP-complete, even if this graph is acyclic and has maximum degree 2, i.e. is a union of paths. We demonstrate the importance of this contribution by proving that Incidence, the scoring positional game played on a graph is also PSPACE-complete when restricted to forests.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Dagstuhl Publishing, 2026. artikel-id 24
Serie
Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), ISSN 1868-8969 ; 366
Nyckelord [en]
complexity, Domination game, happy vertex game, Maker-Breaker game, scoring game
Nationell ämneskategori
Datavetenskap (datalogi) Diskret matematik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-256679DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.FUN.2026.24Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105041061059ISBN: 9783959774178 (digital)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-256679DiVA, id: diva2:2086217
Konferens
13th International Conference on Fun with Algorithms, FUN 2026, Porquerolles, France, May 18-22, 2026
Forskningsfinansiär
Kempestiftelserna, JCSMK24-515Tillgänglig från: 2026-07-13 Skapad: 2026-07-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2026-07-13Bibliografiskt granskad

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