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This paper is based on a systematic literature review, with the aim of identifying and discussing what previous research says regarding strategies local, regional and national actors have, to attract, recruit and retain residents and staff to the north of Sweden, Finland and Norway. Being geographically peripheral, grappling with a demographic challenge; with an aging and declining population, at the same time as there are increased work force needs due to the green transition and the changed military presence in the area, this is a clear case of a region with severe skills-supply issues.

A main finding is that the literature is rather limited, only 21 publications of relevance were identified. Three key themes emerged: attracting, recruiting and retaining staff (and residents) in the healthcare sector, immigration as strategy for attracting, recruiting, and retaining residents and staff, and regional and municipal development strategies. Rather few studies examine specific strategies, and even fewer their outcomes. One exception is research on the healthcare sector specifically, where it is found that connecting individuals as early as possible, via initiatives such as internship and decentralized education and training, along with offering good conditions for learning and professional development are key aspects in sustainable strategies for attracting, recruiting and retaining medical staff and residents to work and live in the rural north. Still, more studies are needed, on different levels, where the outcomes of specific strategies are examined. Such studies would contribute with much needed basis for policy makers in making evidence-based decisions regarding staff recruitment and retention.