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The chloroplasts of green plants are the site of oxygenic photosynthesis and important metabolic pathways including biosynthesis of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids. Photosynthetic activity controls the activity of chloroplast enzymes using thioredoxin-mediated redox control. Recent proteome studies identified more than hundred potential thioredoxin targets indifferent chloroplast compartments and highlighted the impact of thioredoxin mediated redox control for chloroplast function. In this study, we addressed thioredoxin-linked redox control in the thylakoid lumen of Arabidopsis thaliana, and we showed that more than 40 percent of the known proteins of the lumen inside the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane reveal interactions with thioredoxin indicating a central function of thioredoxin control for the regulation of oxygenic photosynthesis.