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Epidemiology and Ecology of Tularemia in Sweden, 1984-2012
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi.
Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Epidemiologi och global hälsa. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi, Infektionssjukdomar. (Arcum)ORCID-id: 0000-0002-7580-6485
Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik.
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2015 (Engelska)Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1080-6040, E-ISSN 1080-6059, Vol. 21, nr 1, s. 32-39Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

The zoonotic disease tularemia is endemic in large areas of the Northern Hemisphere, but research is lacking on patterns of spatial distribution and connections with ecologic factors. To describe the spatial epidemiology of and identify ecologic risk factors for tularemia incidence in Sweden, we analyzed surveillance data collected over 29 years (1984-2012). A total of 4,830 cases were notified, of which 3,524 met all study inclusion criteria. From the first to the second half of the study period, mean incidence increased 10-fold, from 0.26/100,000 persons during 1984-1998 to 2.47/100,000 persons during 1999 2012 (p<0.001). The incidence of tularemia was higher than expected in the boreal and alpine ecologic regions (p<0.001), and incidence was positively correlated with the presence of lakes and rivers (p<0.001). These results provide a comprehensive epidemiologic description of tularemia in Sweden and illustrate that incidence is higher in locations near lakes and rivers.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2015. Vol. 21, nr 1, s. 32-39
Nationell ämneskategori
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99774DOI: 10.3201/eid2101.140916ISI: 000347503700005Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84919665766OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-99774DiVA, id: diva2:789252
Tillgänglig från: 2015-02-18 Skapad: 2015-02-12 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-03-24Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Towards the Limits – Climate Change Aspects of Life and Health in Northern Sweden: studies of tularemia and regional experiences of changes in the environment
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Towards the Limits – Climate Change Aspects of Life and Health in Northern Sweden: studies of tularemia and regional experiences of changes in the environment
2016 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Background

Indigenous peoples with traditional lifestyles worldwide are considered particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. Large climate change impacts on the spread of infectious vector-borne diseases are expected as a health outcome. The most rapid climate changes are occurring in the Arctic regions, and as a part of this region northernmost Sweden might experience early effects. In this thesis, climate change effects on the lives of Sami reindeer herders are described and 30 years of weather changes are quantified. Epidemiology of the climate sensitive human infection tularemia is assessed, baseline serologic prevalence of tularemia is investigated and the disease burden is quantified across inhabitants in the region.

Methods

Perceptions and experiences of climate change effects among the indigenous Sami reindeer herders of northern Sweden were investigated through qualitative analyses of fourteen interviews. The results were then combined with instrumental weather data from ten meteorological stations in a mixed-methods design to further illustrate climate change effects in this region. In two following studies, tularemia ecology and epidemiology were investigated. A total of 4,792 reported cases of tularemia between 1984 and 2012 were analysed and correlated to ecological regions and presence of inland water using geographical mapping. The status of tularemia in the Swedish Arctic region was further investigated through risk factor analyses of a 2012 regional outbreak and a cross-sectional serological survey to estimate the burden of disease including unreported cases.

Results

The reindeer herders described how the winters of northern Sweden have changed since the 1970s – warmer winters with shorter snow season and cold periods, and earlier spring. The adverse effects on the reindeer herders through the obstruction of their work, the stress induced and the threat to their lifestyle was demonstrated, forcing the reindeer herders towards the limit of resilience. Weather data supported the observations of winter changes; some stations displayed a more than two full months shorter snow cover season and winter temperatures increased significantly, most pronounced in the lowest temperatures. During the same time period a near tenfold increase in national incidence of tularemia was observed in Sweden (from 0.26 to 2.47/100,000 p<0.001) with a clear overrepresentation of cases in the north versus the south (4.52 vs. 0.56/100,000 p<0.001). The incidence was positively correlated with the presence of inland water (p<0.001) and higher than expected in the alpine and boreal ecologic regions (p<0.001). In the outbreak investigation a dose-response relationship to water was identified; distance from residence to water – less than 100 m, mOR 2.86 (95% CI 1.79–4.57) and 100 to 500 m, mOR 1.63 (95% CI 1.08–2.46). The prevalence of tularemia antibodies in the two northernmost counties was 2.9% corresponding to a 16 times higher number of cases than reported indicating that the reported numbers represent only a minute fraction of the true tularemia.

Conclusions

The extensive winter changes pose a threat to reindeer herding in this region. Tularemia is increasing in Sweden, it has a strong correlation to water and northern ecoregions, and unreported tularemia cases are quite common.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Umeå: Umeå universitet, 2016. s. 50
Serie
Umeå University medical dissertations, ISSN 0346-6612 ; 1840
Nyckelord
Climate change, public health, Indigenous peoples, Sami, reindeer herding, resilience, tularemia, mixed-methods, infectious disease, seroprevalence, ELISA, outbreak investigation, risk factor, ecology, Francisella tularensis
Nationell ämneskategori
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Forskningsämne
epidemiologi; folkhälsa
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126949 (URN)978-91-7601-552-0 (ISBN)
Disputation
2016-11-18, Sal A, 9tr, by 1D,, Norrlands universitetssjukhus, Umeå, 09:00 (Svenska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2016-10-26 Skapad: 2016-10-24 Senast uppdaterad: 2018-06-09Bibliografiskt granskad

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Desvars, AmélieFurberg, MariaVidman, LindaSjöstedt, AndersRydén, PatrikJohansson, Anders

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Desvars, AmélieFurberg, MariaVidman, LindaSjöstedt, AndersRydén, PatrikJohansson, Anders
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Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologiEpidemiologi och global hälsaInfektionssjukdomarInstitutionen för matematik och matematisk statistikMolekylär Infektionsmedicin, Sverige (MIMS)
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