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Space race functional responses
Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap. Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik. Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap.
2015 (Engelska)Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, ISSN 0962-8452, E-ISSN 1471-2954, Vol. 282, nr 1801, artikel-id 20142121Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

We derive functional responses under the assumption that predators and prey are engaged in a space race in which prey avoid patches with many predators and predators avoid patches with few or no prey. The resulting functional response models have a simple structure and include functions describing how the emigration of prey and predators depend on interspecific densities. As such, they provide a link between dispersal behaviours and community dynamics. The derived functional response is general but is here modelled in accordance with empirically documented emigration responses. We find that the prey emigration response to predators has stabilizing effects similar to that of the DeAngelis-Beddington functional response, and that the predator emigration response to prey has destabilizing effects similar to that of the Holing type 11 response. A stability criterion describing the net effect of the two emigration responses on a Lotka-Volterra predator-prey system is presented. The winner of the space race (i.e. whether predators or prey are favoured) is determined by the relationship between the slopes of the species' emigration responses. It is predicted that predators win the space race in poor habitats, where predator and prey densities are low, and that prey are more successful in richer habitats.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2015. Vol. 282, nr 1801, artikel-id 20142121
Nyckelord [en]
functional response, dispersal behaviours, space race, community dynamics
Nationell ämneskategori
Ekologi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101395DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2121ISI: 000350077000006Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84921527779OAI: oai:DiVA.org:umu-101395DiVA, id: diva2:839575
Anmärkning

Originally published in manuscript form.

Tillgänglig från: 2015-07-03 Skapad: 2015-03-30 Senast uppdaterad: 2023-03-24Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Population-level consequences of spatial interactions
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Population-level consequences of spatial interactions
2013 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

How is the nature of populations governed by the movement decisions made by their members? This is the core question in this thesis. To answer this question, I first assume that s movement decisions are based on conditions in their local environment. Then I derive mathematical relationships that distil the character of individual movement events, and relate the sum of these events to the dynamical properties of the population. I find that the fate of populations depend delicately on the way resident individuals relocate in response to local conditions. This general conclusion is supported by results in the four papers constituting this thesis.

In the first paper we derive a deterministic approximation of a stochastic individual-based spatial predator-prey model. We show how general types of movement behaviors either stabilise or destabilise predator-prey dynamics. Based on experimental data on movement behaviors, we conclude that predator-prey dynamics are stabilised if the prey species respond stronger to predator presence than the predatory species respond to prey.

In the second paper we derive a new type of functional response that arise when there is a behavioral spatial “race” between predators and prey. Although fundamentally different from classical functional responses, the induced density-dependencies in reproduction rates are similar to those in Holling’s type II and DeAngelis-Beddington’s functional responses.

In the third paper we perform a novel systematic investigation of density-dependencies in population growth-rates induced by the spatial covariance in empirical predator-prey systems. We categorise three types of density dependencies: “lagged”, “direct” and “independent”, and find direct and especially lagged density-dependencies to be common. We find that the density-dependencies in most cases are destabilising, which is at odds with the wide-spread view that spatial heterogeneity stabilises consumer-resource dynamics. We also find dependencies of prey density to be more common than of predator density.

In the forth paper we consider the evolution of cooperation. We formulate a stochastic individual-based group-formation process and show that profit-dependent group disengagement is evolutionarily stable and allows the emergence of stable cooperative communities.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Umeå: Umeå universitet, 2013. s. 29
Nationell ämneskategori
Ekologi
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-83194 (URN)978-91-7459-776-9 (ISBN)
Disputation
2013-12-12, KBC-huset, Lilla hörsalen, Umeå universitet, Umeå, 10:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Forskningsfinansiär
VetenskapsrådetForskningsrådet Formas
Tillgänglig från: 2013-11-21 Skapad: 2013-11-20 Senast uppdaterad: 2018-06-08Bibliografiskt granskad

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Sjödin, HenrikBrännström, ÅkeEnglund, Göran

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