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This is a qualitative study about Art transformation and commodification in the digital age. The study applies a rhetoric analysis with the aim to understand how art sellers, gallery owners and entrepreneurs take part in this transformation process through their websites’ presentation texts ”about us”. The analysis is related to communication theories but it is also inspired by other theories such as Gramsci’s hegemony theory and Bourdieu’s cultural critical theory. The study shows that in an environment of ”Global Communication”, activities that are related to the visual art on the net are strongly influenced by the commodification. Marketers and business managers have a big advantage of this phase of change in Art activities on the net. As senders in a one-way communication process, they use their rhetorical skills in their presentation texts to build identities or to enhance their business, depending on the positions of power they have in the market. They invest in art and artists, in order to expand their businesses and to capture a wider audience of recipients on World Wide Web to get more money and power. The study recommends further research about the Art commodification, preferably from the receiver’s and the artists’ sides to reveal more aspects of the effects of this transformation process in Art and its values.

Digitalization has increased over the past decade and changed our ways of solving problems. Studies have shown that digitalization has made a dramatic change in our lives and it's a huge challenge for government, organization, company and citizens. In about 15 years half of today's job will be disappears and will be replaced by digitalization, automatization and robotization. The purpose of the study is to describe and create an understanding of the new digital service that has been implemented in restaurant businesses, a new way of interaction between customers and company. A literature study has been made to give a fair picture of the theory and interviews with the purpose to gathering new information on how the digital restaurant works and get the knowledge of efficiency in business. Qualitative material has been analyzed and compared to theories from the literature study. The results of the study showed that there is immense difference between the employees view and company view of digital service in restaurant.

As information technology (IT)  becomes an integral part of society, public sector organizations have witnessed an increasing shift in how they deliver services to citizens. One area of IT that has  contributed to this transformation in service delivery has been in the domain of cloud computing. Extant research  has focused on the  factors related to the  adoption of cloud computing within public sector organizations, however, little is known about how cloud computing creates value in public sector administration. Addressing this, we conduct a case study research on the Moldova central public administration to investigate how cloud computing enhances value in public service delivery. Accordingly, we identify seven ways cloud computing enhances value creation in public administration. Among those values, faster service delivery, transparency and accountability are values rarely highlighted in the previous academic research. Based on our results, we propose solutions that public administration should take into consideration when utilizing cloud computing as a service delivery model.

Denna studie är utformad med syfte att med hjälp av teorier som orientalism, identitet och föreställd gemenskap undersöka hur andra generationens invandrare med ursprung från mellanöstern använder sig av humorsketcher publicerade på sociala medier i relation till deras identitet. Frågeställningen grundar i hur intervjupersonerna förhåller sig till humorsketcher som driver med situationen att tillhöra två/flera olika kulturer samt hur intervjupersonerna upplever sin identitet relaterat till innehållet. Frågeställningen besvarades med kvalitativa intervjuer och resultatet visade att intervjupersonerna fann humorsketcherna betydelsefulla och fungerade som hanteringsform mot kulturkrockar. Trots olika länder som bakgrund var deras resonemang slående likt och visade att med hjälp av humorsketcher fann de en förstärkt gemenskap till andra som upplever sig vara i mellanförskap.

The influence and impact that digitalisation have in our society has not gone unnoticed, every aspect of our daily lives have more or less been digitalized so that we can effectively communicate, share and gain information and knowledge through IT solutions. Businesses and organisations are being more effective and efficient by embedding IT solutions as a strategy into their daily work. A particular field that has been stagnant through this revolution is how businesses and organisations manage their workplace environment and the purpose of this study is therefore to shed light on, and contribute with knowledge about, the potential that IT have when it comes to managing organisational occupational health and safety. We look further into a graphical user interface such as dashboard to gain an insight on how it could be used as a tool to monitor progress within occupational health and safety. The methods used in this exploration are integrated approaches which contains both qualitative and quantitative methods, the data was collected through interviews and surveys in a public organisation. The results of the study displays three main concerns which are caused by the lack of systematic approach while working with occupational health and safety. These three concerns are identified as feedback challenges, lack of consistency and absence of appropriate actions. The study further highlights which key factors that need to be successful in order to create and maintain a healthy occupational health and safety. With the result of our study, businesses and organisations can gain an understanding and insight on what type of advantages can be gained by using IT in order to promote a systematic approach while dealing with a challenging task as the workplace environment. 

In Sweden sports journalism has been critisised among many for lacking professionalism and sports journalists have been accused of being both restricted and biased. Especially in local sports journalism the issue is said to be evenmore prominent.Through a qualitative discourse analysis the main purpose of this essay is to study the standard of objectivity in swedish local sports journalism.Thirty two randomly selected articles written in ten local newspapers after ten games in swedish footballs top divison Allsvenskan were read and analyzed during the study. In relation to the profesional ideals of journalism some major themes of shortcomings were discovered and categorized. The most significant was the lack of hearing both sides. The reporting was very one-sided in a way that most of the time favored the local team. From an objective view questionable reporting was also found when it came to the inclusion and exclusion of certain in-game situations but also in what surrounding circumstances the journalists chose to aim their focus on. Uncertaincies were likewise exposed in the amount of personal opinions being shown by the author.

Denna kvalitativa studies syfte är att fördjupa kunskapen om hur bibliotekspersonal väljer böcker till sagostunder för barn i åldern 3-6 år, samt vilka idéer och värderingar som påverkar bokvalet. Bakgrunden till frågeställningarna tar avstamp i den litteraturdidaktiska diskussionen om kvalitetslitteratur samt FN:s barnkonvention. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av tre observationer av sagostunder samt fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med bibliotekarier på fyra olika folkbibliotek i en kommun. Materialet har analyserats med tematisk analys, med Catarina Erikssons fyra idealtyper över olika synsätt på barnbiblioteket som teoretiskt ramverk. Studien tyder på att bibliotekarier främst hittar böcker till sagostunderna genom hantering av barnböcker i det dagliga arbetet, browsing i bibliotekets hyllor och genom tips från kollegor. Personlig smak, variation, representation samt barngruppens sammansättning visar sig vara viktiga överväganden som bibliotekarierna förhåller sig till i samband med bokvalet. De mest framträdande idealtyperna i vårt material är den musiska och den egaliserande. Barn är sällan direkt delaktiga i urvalsprocessen, men ofta indirekt delaktiga genom att deras reaktioner och preferenser tas tillvara. 

Despite the phenomenal innovations and huge investments in healthcare, it is evident that some digital transformation innovations in the healthcare context fail to meet their desired outcomes. Whilst some researchers argue that this is partly due to ineffective implementation, others argue otherwise. Essentially, there is an outspoken need to evaluate implementation processes, and one way to do so is through the use of an implementation framework, where one such framework showing great potential is the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). By using a qualitative case study through the lenses of the CFIR, the study carries out a summative evaluation and examination of a previously conducted implementation process in a region in the north of Sweden, with the purpose of developing a greater understanding of implementation processes in order to improve patient care, as well as experiences and outcomes of digital transformation implementations. The study successfully identifies factors of both success and challenge in relation to implementation processes, where some of the success factors include the involvement of caregivers in the process and competition of private healthcare providers, whilst some of the challenges include deficient involvement of end-users as well as lack of structure. The study unearths some lessons which can be used as a guide for future implementations within the healthcare context, but also other contexts as well.

This study has aimed to examine how Världsnaturfonden WWF communicates trust in various communication channels. We also wanted to see if there are any differences in the different channels on how WWF communicates trust. It is a qualitative study that uses critical rhetoric analysis as method. We choose to analyze the communication channels sponsored facebookposts, personalized letters and two sites from WWF:s website. The empirical data has been analyzed with the aid of theories of strategic communication, non-profit organizations, rhetoric and media specificity. The results show that WWF uses various communication strategies to communicate trust in all of the examined channels. The most important aspects of trust is communicated through presenting what WWF:s collected money has contributed to, that the organization appears to be knowledgeable and engaged in the various areas they work for. In all of the channels we have examined, we have also seen that WWF uses a personal address to the reader. In the sponsored facebookposts and in the personalized letters, we find that WWF communicates more trust than on the website by using more emotions. WWF express more gratitude for donors and more concern for the various animals and the environment affected. Other differences we have seen between the channels are that they differ in how they are designed, but these differences are mainly due to different norms relating to the specific channels. This study has contributed with knowledge of how a non-profit organization such as WWF rhetorically communicates trust to different target groups through different communication channels. This study has also contributed to knowledge of the differences and similarities regarding how WWF communicates trust through the three different communication channels.

The final stage of a designers work is always a bit tricky. Design is an abstract phenomenon and no one can tell when a design is really finished. The design process that designers work within has been thoroughly studied but cannot be truly mapped with strict constraints which the designer can follow to succeed. Therefore, in this paper we take a look at the final stage in the design process. The main goal is to get more knowledge and highlight key factors about what designers face when they are about finish their design or what forces them to leave a project that can stay in development for eternity. Together with theories from a literature research and real life experience from people in the design profession we have looked at the issue. The results show that the key elements that are common in the final stage of the design process include evaluation, limitation and trusting your own judgment.

Organisations are in need of systems and methods to evaluate their performances.Performance management systems are used to gather information about theorganizational performance, in order to give management increased control. This paperexamines digital applications within performance management systems and the wayindividuals regard the applications to reflect their performance as well as how theyaffect their work motivation. Our study focuses on one company in the contact centerbusiness, referred in this paper as Service AB. In this paper, we aim to find out howindividuals´ work motivation is affected and what they think of digital applications’representation of their work performance on a general level. To collect data, we conducta survey and group interviews with workers from Service AB. The results from thisstudy show that there are three main factors - fairness, relevance and understanding -that affect the individual’s perception of how well their work is digitally represented.Furthermore, this study shows that digital applications within a performancemanagement system have an impact on the workers motivation. The paper also showsthat workers think that the digital data doesn´t fully represent their work performance.

Rapid growing volumes of data demands new solutions in terms of analysing and visualizing. The growing amount of data contains valuable information which organizations in a more digitized society need to manage. It is a major challenge to visualize data, both in a static and interactive way. Through visualization of big data follows several opportunities containing risk assessment and decision basis. Previous research indicates a lack of standards and guidelines considering the development of interactive dashboards. By studying factors of success from a user-centered perspective we proceeded with a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. In addition to this we performed a thorough examination of existing literature in this particular field of research. A total of eight interviews were held, all eight respondents had experience from using or developing dashboards. The results indicates that user experience is an important yet not a sufficiently used principle. They also indicates challenges concerning the management of big data and particularly visualizing it. The results developed into a model which illustrates guidelines and vital components to orchestrate when developing a dashboard. A user-centered approach should pervade the entire developing process. Interactive functionalities are rather a necessity than a recommendation. With interactiveness comes drill-down functionalities which leads to a more intuitively practice. User experience is an essential component of the model, bringing light to individual customisations as well as it makes allowances to a large target group. The last component highlights the importance of early prototyping and an iterative approach to software development. The conclusion of the study is our complete model which brings opportunities to transform big data to great knowledge.

Title: From fish flu to corona crisis – a quantitative content analysis of front pages from Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet during the coronavirus outbreak.

The aim of this essay was to examine the reporting and framing of the coronavirus on DN.se and Aftonbladet.se's front pages, between January 7, 2020 and April 30, 2020. In order to do so, we chose to examine front page teasers on both newspapers front pages online. We define front page teasers as the package of text and pictures on the front page, which then takes the reader to the actual article. We formulated three questions to concretize the aim: ​How much space is given to the front page teasers about the coronavirus on Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet's front pages, in terms of number, size and location? ​How do the front page teasers frame the coronavirus on Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet's front pages, regarding to framing and perspectives as well as calming or alarming signals? And, ​what differences and similarities can be found between Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet’s front page teasers about the coronavirus, regarding to space and shape? ​The method chosen for this study was a quantitative content analysis, which was supported by theories about news values, media logic and narration, as well as the agenda setting theory and the framing theory. The results of the analysis stated that front page teasers about the coronavirus was given more space on both newspapers’ front pages during the majority of the selected time period, than front page teasers about other events. This could be explained by multiple theories about how threats, risks and crises, as well as sensational news, stand a better chance of making it to the front page, than other news. The analysis also showed that Dagens Nyheter chose to frame the coronavirus based on themes such as healthcare and economical consequences, while Aftonbladet chose a more human perspective. We speculated on how these results could affect the readers and their picture of reality – in this case the coronavirus – and came to the conclusion that Aftonbladet’s readers might feel more of a closeness to the coronavirus, than the readers of Dagens Nyheter. So, regarding to space – both in number and size – as well as theme, actor and signal, but also the newspapers’ own choice of words, our study made it possible for us to see how the “fish flu” gradually turned into a corona crisis.

This qualitative study examines positive and negative effects on effectivity as a result of alternative processes (workarounds) performed within an ISO-certificated organizations information system. To identify these workarounds we used contextual inquiry. This gave us an understanding of how the information systems users actually practice their work. The result of our acquired data revealed six major workarounds. To analyze these workarounds in relation to its complicated context we utilized three theoretical models. This gave us a broad understanding of each of the workarounds and made it possible to understand why each workaround was conducted, its implications on effectivity and what kind of a challenge/dilemma it posed. The analysis indicated that the workarounds had what we deduced as negative impact on the organizations effectivity as a whole. Many of the workarounds could have been seen as very effective alternatives to the designed work process but only if valued in a micro-context. The fact that they still occur are most likely the result of the fact that the users of the information system lack understanding of how the organization and its processes are structured as a whole and how their work as well as how they perform it is part of a bigger picture. Finally we present how future research, based on this study, could focus on developing a better model to understand the complicated context. We also propose that studies could investigate the possibility of shaping an ISO-standard which is responsive to the diversity of organizations actual work processes while still ensuring a qualitative standard.

In this contribution, the effects of enhancing direct citations, with respect to publication-publication relatedness measurement, by indirect citation relations (bibliographic coupling, co-citation, and extended direct citations) and text relations on clustering solution accuracy are analyzed. We include in the study, for comparison reasons, each approach that is involved in the enhancement of direct citations. In total, we investigate the relative performance of seven approaches. For the evaluation of the approaches, we use a methodology proposed by earlier research. However, the used evaluation criterion is based on MeSH, one of the most sophisticated publication-level classification schemes available. We also introduce an approach, based on interpolated accuracy values, by which overall relative clustering solution accuracy can be studied. The results show that the co-citation approach has the worst performance, and that the direct citations approach is outperformed by the other five investigated approaches. The extended direct citations approach has the best performance, followed by an approach in which direct citations are enhanced by the BM25 textual relatedness measure. An approach that combines direct citations with bibliographic coupling and co-citation performs slightly better than the bibliographic coupling approach, which in turn has a better performance than the BM25 approach.

In this large-scale contribution, we deal with the relationship between properties of cited references of Web of Science articles and the field normalized citation rate of these articles. Using nearly 1 million articles, and three classification systems with different levels of granularity, we study the effects of number of cited references, share of references covered by Web of Science, mean age of references and mean citation rate of references on field normalized citation rate. To expose the relationship between the predictor variables and the response variable, we use quantile regression. We found that a higher number of references, a higher share of references to publications within Web of Science and references to more recent publications correlate with citation impact. A correlation was observed even when normalization was done with a finely grained classification system. The predictor variables affected citation impact to a larger extent at higher quantile levels. Regarding the relative importance of the predictor variables, citation impact of the cited references was in general the least important variable. Number of cited references carried most of the importance for both low and medium quantile levels, but this importance was lessened at the highest considered level.

Scientists collaborate increasingly on a global scale. Does this trend also hold for other bibliometric relations such as direct citations, cocitations and shared references? This study examines citation-based relations in publications published in the journal Scientometrics from 1981 to 2010. Different measures of Mean Geographical Distance (MGD) are tested. If we take all citation links into consideration, there is no indication of MGD increase, but when we look at maximum distances of each relation, a weak tendency of increasing MGD could be observed. One major factor behind the lack of growth of mean distances is the form of the distribution of citation links over distances. Our data suggest that the interactions might grow simultaneously for both short and long distances.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and deepen the understanding of onboarding processes with digital elements within an IT-consultant firm. In this study we also discuss opportunities and challenges with digital onboarding from the perspective of both the employee and the employer. In today's society companies invest a lot of resources to find the best future employee. Effective onboarding programs can ensure that the time and money spent during the recruiting process are well invested. Furthermore, onboarding programs can result in higher productivity and well-being. The digital world we now call our home is affecting our everyday work lives and has been crucial for distance work during Covid-19. Even though digital onboarding has been a known phenomenon for several years, the pandemic left organisations with no choice but to digitalise their onboarding programs. Therefore this study also aims to provide new insights about digital onboarding and the perception of employees that onboarded during this period.  The results show that digital elements can provide the employee with crucial information before entering the workplace for the first time, which reduces anxiety. Thanks to today’s technology it’s possible to use certain features that enhance the usability and the E-learning experience. Furthermore, the digital elements create unique challenges when it comes to social aspects, adaptation of culture and knowledge sharing. This means that certain activities, such as workshops and team building exercises, are more effective in a physical workplace setting rather than through digital technology. Finally the study provides new findings such as the importance of socialisation and cultural adaptation for decreasing drop-outs within IT-firms.

Long-term preservation of organisational knowledge gives the business opportunities to reusestored knowledge. This preservation of knowledge is present both in the organisation as such,found explicitly in the organisational stock, and also in the individual workers, implicit intheir flow of action. Theoretically have the reuse of knowledge been named organisationalmemory and also been addressed in knowledge management. In a single case-study of amanufacturing company, the authors study the utilisation of product configuration information(PCI) and its role in meeting requirements on long-time preservation of product-relatedknowledge. This structured and standardised information is used throughout the organisation,serving as a base for both organisational and individual knowledge for the entire company.Since the information has been used in the same way for decades it is a part of theorganisation´s culture and influences structures and procedures connected to the informationbase. The result of the study implies that usage of PCI grants the individual worker a highdegree of task-related freedom as well as intra-organisational mobility. The downside for theindividuals is the long time period it takes to get familiar with PCI due to its complexity. Forthe organisation as such, PCI provides a stable stock of knowledge which is available overextended periods of time, drastically reducing dependence upon individual workers.

The circular economy has become one of the most crucial business plans for organizations. There is rapid progress in using digital technologies, especially two-sided digital platforms as enablers for various businesses and start-ups to grow rapidly. However, these digital platforms are facing significant obstacles and barriers in advertising their products, growing sales, and improving profitability. There is not enough scientific research and scholarly work that has been undertaken or focused on the strategies to promote the circular economy from the aspect of information systems. The purpose of this research aims to explore the major possible contributing techniques that can be implemented to enhance the utilization of digital platforms as enablers for the circular economy. In this study, qualitative exploratory research has been considered as an adequate and suitable scheme for generating a contextual understanding of the phenomenon. 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were among individuals and within several organizations that are associated with the circular economy. According to the data collected from the survey, the most visible elements that affected the decision of the participants while using the digital platform are price, quality, sustainability, and location. Based on the findings, this study makes critical recommendations to tackle the problems that hinder the development of the circular economy among individuals, companies, and organizations. The recommended themes for circular economy strategies are to increase customer satisfaction, focus on opportunities, improve trustworthiness (online reviews), set up reliable return policies, and increase stakeholder engagement

This study, Life at Skanska, aims to examine how Skanska Sweden portrays gender norms on Instagram, differentiating between their official Swedish account, @skanskasverige, and their employee-driven account, @livetpaskanska. The analysis is based on previous research on gender studies with a focus on male-dominated industries, as well as social media and how companies can use it to their advantage. The method used for the study was a multimodal semiotic analysis and with this method an analysis of five posts from each account was made. To support the analysis theories regarding gender, representation, ambassadorship, and social identity were applied to the study.  

The study reveals that there are variations in how gender is represented on both accounts. Most notable being the differences in lexical choices and communications strategies. On the official account, @skanskasverige, there is a variation of images presenting both women and men therefore signifying diverse perspectives. However lexical choices, such as job titles, may partly diminish women’s credibility. In comparison, @livetpaskanska, present a more diverse and inclusive representation of women, which can be a side-effect of it being an employee-driven account. In a comparing analysis of the two accounts the differences between them became clear in how they represent women on the channels. On @livetpaskanska women tend to be more present in the content than on @skanskasverige. The study identifies differences in communication styles, indicating that the employee-driven account prioritizes individual achievements and experiences, while the official account emphasized corporate identity and the company’s values. 

This work was conducted by the UArctic Thematic Network on Research Analytics and Bibliometrics. It was supported by Global Affairs Canada through the Global Arctic Leadership Initiative.

This report aims to provide an update to the two studies published in 2016 and 2017 (Osipov et al 2016 & 2017) with the primary task of assessing the global funding landscape around Arctic-related research. While the previous reports were focusing on the periods 2006-2015 and 2007-2016 respectively, this report covers 2016 to 2022, using the funding data from the Dimensions[1] dataset, which includes information from more than 600 funders and 7 million awarded grants with funding totalling $2.4 trillion+ (in US Dollars).

The key findings of the updated report, based on the available data, highlight the following trends:  

·       The fields of Earth Sciences (10.3 percent) and Environmental Science (5.5 percent) are the two largest recipients of Arctic research funding. 

·       The US is the largest Arctic research nation in terms of total spending and number of projects started. It also has the most comprehensive coverage of funding sources in the dataset.  

·       Canada and Russia are the second and third largest nations in terms of number of projects started, followed by Norway and Sweden.

·       UArctic institutions are central actors in Arctic research globally. 

·       Researchers from Arctic Council Observer nations are financing a substantial amount of research on the Arctic. In particular, the UK and Japan finance a significant number of projects, followed by Germany and China with considerable numbers of Arctic-related research projects.

·       Funding from the European Union holds the position of the eighth-largest funder based on the number of projects awarded. The European Union is characterized by a few projects with large funding.

·       The analysis suggests that there is neither growth nor shrinkage in the relative volume of Arctic research funding over the period 2016–2022 in comparison with the growth of the general scientific community.

·       Private funders and foundations contribute little to Arctic research. Only one percent of the projects starting in 2016–2022 were funded privately. 

In general, the largest sources of external public funding for Arctic research come from the United States (US), Russia, Canada, and Norway, with the US being the biggest net contributor. Other kinds of funding, such as base budgets, are not described in this report. In addition, data on the public funding and funding amounts of Arctic research in Russia, Canada, and the Kingdom of Denmark are not always provided by the funders in project profiles, and net value is sometimes not disclosed by the funders themselves. 

This report specifically investigates projects initiated between 2016 and 2022, providing insights into the contemporary funding landscape of Arctic research. Understanding the geographical and institutional distribution of funding, as well as the specific areas of focus within this funding, holds significance for UArctic and Arctic Council officials. Such insights facilitate their ability to offer informed guidance to their respective members, aiding in the identification of strategic priorities.

Moreover, gaining insights into the entities funding Arctic research, and those not engaged in such funding, holds importance for UArctic and Arctic Council science officers. Armed with information about Arctic-focused endeavours they can engage with funding bodies, fostering dialogue aimed at enhancing support, and collaboration for such initiatives.

This thesis explores the manifestation of AI capabilities in an incumbent within the forest industry for generating business value. The primary research gap identified is the lack of empirical evidence on how AI capabilities contribute to business value in incumbents. Drawing upon the AI capability framework and interviews with leadership roles, the research identifies and categorizes AI capabilities into Human, Intangible, Tangible, and Governance dimensions. Theoretical contributions include adding Governance as a distinct dimension to the existing AI capability framework and expanding the current literature on how AI capabilities manifest in an incumbent. Practical insights propose a hybrid learning approach, emphasizing AI training, collaboration with experts, and establishing internal networks and innovation labs. Effective AI integration relies on clear leadership guidance.

The development of digital economies, digital environments and digital collaborative cultures has enabled entrepreneur-like content creation and distribution through digital platforms and new media. In recent years the profession of livestreamers has become increasingly more popular. This study attempts to find out the factors behind livestreamers value-creating processes as well as how these processes help them stay relevant in the future. To do this, we have conducted a couple of interviews with up-and-coming streamers. In addition to this we have also orchestrated several observations on some of the most successful streamers. In these observations we applied the use of the framework Business Model Canvas. The results from our completed data collection presents several different factors behind value creation in streaming.  The conclusion we made which was based on the analysis of our result are divided into four significant factors. These are interaction, motivation, marketing and external communication, as well as personality and competence. We hope that our findings can help define and explain the value-creating processes in streaming. 

Virtual production technology has recently emerged as a transformative tool in the film industry. The technology offers filmmakers new ways to work characterized by collaborative creativity across the boundaries of their roles. This bachelor thesis examines the possibilities and challenges for media producers with the implementation of Virtual Production. It primarily focuses on the producers closest to the technology and their view on the subject.  This group is particularly relevant as they work directly with the technology. As a result, both their workflow and position relative to other roles may shift. The study maps out the opportunities and challenges associated with the technology, as well as qualitatively analyzes the potential consequences.    Data is collected through qualitative interviews with relevant stakeholders in the field. They are allowed to speak relatively freely about their thoughts on the subject and draw conclusions based on their expertise. Topics such as technical challenges, group dynamics, and future perspectives are highlighted in the interviews. The results of the interviews show enthusiasm towards further implementation of the technology, although some challenges undoubtedly arise. However, most argue that the flexibility of the new technology outweighs its shortcomings. Many point out that the future of the technology is uncertain due to the possibility of new software emerging to replace the old and potentially changing the workflow once again. Regarding workflows, there is unanimous agreement that some of the post-production work is shifted to an earlier stage of pre-production. This enables a shift of responsibilities for the Virtual Production-department and the VFX-department to a position where they plan the project at an increasingly early stage than before. New roles are created within the film team, thus creating new communication chains between roles that did not exist before. These new communication chains also come with their own set of advantages and challenges. However, the results indicate that the technology is viewed as an asset. It demonstrates that the industry is ready to embrace the technology despite the challenges it brings. 

Online job platforms play a vital role in connecting job seekers with relevant opportunities. However, the effectiveness of these platforms hinges on the sophistication of their recommendation systems. While technical metrics provide valuable insight, there is a notable gap in the literature concerning the user experience (UX) of job recommendations systems. Job platforms often overlook how users interact with and perceive these systems beyond the accuracy of recommendations. This study aims to fill this gap by answering the research question, how can the recommendation system on online job platforms be enhanced to surpass traditional job listings, offering users more personalized and effective job matches? Partnering with a prominent job platform, Ledigajobb.se, the author employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and focus groups. The study reveals users’ openness to new career avenues, the importance of transparent communication, and concerns regarding platform accessibility and recruitment processes. The study contributes to job recommendation systems research that aligns more closely with user experience and expectations by adding empirical data and actionable insights for enhancing job recommendation platform performance and job seeker satisfaction.

This paper describes the problems that teachers and students faced when they interact with atraditional whiteboard at Umea University where most of the classrooms have one to four differentsizes of whiteboards. In addition, the paper also shows the mechanisms that teachers and studentsuse to capture the whiteboard content. In order to gather the data I conducted a pilot study viausing quantitative approach and after some reasons and modifications, an empirical study wasconducted via using qualitative approach. The results show that participants use the whiteboardwith combination by digital materials and devices in order to accomplish their educational taskswere technology used more than the traditional ways of learning. Also the results shows thatteachers and students face many different problems each time they use the traditional whiteboardsuch as erasing the board, marker pen problems, not enough space, capturing whiteboard content,etc. After defining the problems I propose a suggestion of a solution for the problems by usingElectronic Board (EBoard) technology where it helps the teachers and students to engage thelearning process. EBoard is a device which mimics the regular whiteboard, however morefunctional and with wider range of applications i.e. capture EBoard content (videos, images,Internet connection etc.).

This paper puts forward the early, practical actions “in context” that can begin to sensitize, orient, expand, and constrain design dialogue at the outset of a design effort. Drawing on a case of “breaching experiments” in “non-places” we explore a “first approximation” of interventionist participation into the context of future interactive & responsive design interventions. By introducing a design journey, we have shed a light on how a human-centric approach, applied to the context of Human Building Interaction (HBI), can support an interventionist design dialogue between people and designed environment through processes of stirring up what’s beyond ‘norms’ of interaction.  

Testing in data warehousing has traditionally been done in large chunks at the end of development projects. This has often led to costly bug fixes because fixing bugs that are found late in the development process is generally a very time consuming task. In some cases, there is not enough time to fix these bugs because of narrow project deadlines. This can have major consequences for organizations because business decisions often relies on their data warehouse to provide accurate statistics and data. This study examines a department of a major Swedish agency that recently adopted agile methods to overcome some of the shortcomings associated with traditional data warehouse development. The effects of agile methods on data warehouse testing are examined, as well as the challenges that are needed to overcome for them to be successful. We also touch upon consequences of poor test design and what implications incorrect data that are delivered from a data warehouse can have both internally and externally. In conclusion, the study have found that adopting agile methods have led to test activities being carried out more often, more efficiently and with better results than in the past. In addition, product owners have been continuously involved in the development process through frequent acceptance tests. For agile methods to be successful in data warehouse testing, we also concluded that they need the support of tools, system environments and attitudes both among developers and product owners.

The use of data analysis and Big Data has become increasingly important and is even a necessity for the competitiveness of modern organizations. The explanation for this trend is that the digitalization of society puts an enormous pressure on organizations to also evolve digitally. Previous research has tackled the problem surrounding an abundance of data without the knowledge of what to do with it, a situation which many organizations find themselves in. We have conducted a case study on a Swedish manufacturer and supplier in the food & beverage industry, that aims to develop their data analysis to produce better offers and campaigns for their customers. The purpose of this paper is to examine what challenges an organization faces in the early stages of implementing data analysis in their work processes. To give us background and context, we have applied some of the perspectives of Bernard Marr’s SMART Strategy along with two other models to better understand the situation the organization is in. There is no cure-all or universal strategy or guideline to be followed for organizations wanting to implement data analysis. Our findings indicate that there are different methods and strategies for this out there, and by taking heed to macro-organizational aspects such as culture, leadership and attitudes towards data-driven work, as well as clarifying the exact purpose of collecting specific data metrics, the chances of success increases. 

This study aims to investigate how social media are used to communicate organizational identity and image. The studied research question is how do young adults perceive the identity and image of the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) through the organization's use of social media. The research on organizational identity within government agencies and people’s perception on organizations is limited. Therefore, we aim to expand the research on this subject using organizational identity as a theoretical concept. As organizations exists in the social context of today’s digital society, it is valuable to investigate how an organization’s identity and image is perceived externally. We conducted semi-structured reflective interviews with young adults and with an organization representative. Our findings show that young adults view the SAF’s social media use to improve their image and for recruitment purposes. In conclusion, our findings show that this social media use and perceptions of it, are reflective with the theories of organizational identity and image and highlights the importance of the external organizational image. 

In a world of tough global competition, where the use of distributed working methods must be described as common, it’s crucial for organizations to have successful knowledge sharing between employees. The natural face-to-face communication is being replaced by various forms of IT-solutions, but it’s unclear what actual consequences that brings to knowledge sharing within organizations. Therefore, this paper research question is: What role does IT play for knowledge sharing in a distributed system development team? The theoretical data is collected from a literature study within the IS research. The empirical data is collected from observations and interviews at an IT consultancy. The results of the interviews and observations show how knowledge sharing occurs in the investigated practice and how it relates to IT. Our conclusion shows how IT does not replace communication face-to-face outright, but rather how IT generates new kinds of learning processes which changes the conditions for knowledge sharing. Furthermore, in the specific practice, the organization should develop conscious strategies around knowledge sharing which takes into account the interaction between IT, human actions and structural conditions. 

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur bibliotekarier upplever tryggheten på sin arbetsplats och hur eventuell otrygghet kan påverka dem. Det är en kvalitativ intervjustudie bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer för att komma så nära bibliotekariernas personliga erfarenhet som möjligt. Intervjuerna analyseras sedan tematiskt med grund i teorier om imagined victimisation och psykologisk trygghet. Studien visar att bibliotekarierna känner sig trygga, men att det ibland sker händelser som gör dem osäkra och otrygga. Det upptäcks också att det finns viss osäkerhet kring handlingsplaner och vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas vid otrygga händelser.

I denna studie är syftet att undersöka hur kommunikationen fungerar för ett barn, i detta fall en flicka, som har diagnosen Cerebral pares, och dessutom saknar verbalt tal. Vi vill även undersöka hur skolan har lagt upp sin strävan att uppfylla läroplanens mål genom att inkludera en elev med ett funktionshinder. De frågor vi avsåg att besvara med studien var: Använder man med någon speciell metod för att stödja kommunikationen hos ett barn som har diagnosen Cerebral pares, och som saknar verbalt tal? Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar finns för denna elev med att gå i en vanlig klass? Våra metoder består av observationer av eleven i olika miljöer i skolan samt intervjuer med tio personer där de intervjuade har god kännedom om den funktions¬hindrades kommunikativa förmåga. Fallstudien genomfördes på en skola i en kommun i norra Sverige. Resultatet av studien visar att metoden Move and Walk fungerar bra för denna flicka. Det framkom även i studien att elevassistenten har en viktig funktion för att stödja flickans kommunikativa utveckling. Vidare visade resultatet på att det fanns både fördelar och nackdelar för det aktuella barnet med att gå i vanlig klass. Den stora fördelen är att ett gott samspel kan utvecklas mellan flickan och klasskamraterna. De nackdelar som framkommit är bland annat att det höga tempot i skolan gör att barnet ibland har svårt att hinna med de aktiviteter som andra barn, utan detta handikapp, lättare klarar av.

The purpose of this study is to seek answers how editorial leaders reason around the journalistic balance between democracy and market, together with how they create involvement, attraction and increase the loyalty of the newspapers´ subscribers. The theoretical framework was constructed by using social constructionism, agenda setting theory, democracy perspective and commercialization. The scientific method used in this study has been qualitative interviews with editorial leader in four differents newspapers; Svenska Dagbladet, Folkbladet Västerbotten, Sundsvalls Tidning and Göteborgs-Posten. The study shows that the editorial leaders described the democratic mission as the most important in the journalistic assignment. But based on the answers by the respondents there were also tendencies to financial adaptions in the journalistic work in order maintain profitability. The analysis also shows that the quality in the journalistic content was crucial to get subscribers to stay.  

The study examines influencers usage of the social media platform Instagram and how their usage can affect the receiver of their content. The purpose of this study is therefore to observe how influencers are using the platform in order to influence their followers. This study is based on the question: how are the influencers using the social media platform Instagram in order to influence their followers? With the help of the Source Credibility Model, we have been able to value influencers credibility and usage during the netnographic method approach. The original Source Credibility Model consists of three factors: expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness which helps to evaluate a source credibility. By doing this, we have been able to adapt and adjust this model to a new research area. Our analysis therefore reveals a fourth factor of this model - networking. This factor consists of two under categories: technical and social interaction. The study discovered that an influencer reaches attractivity with adjusting his or her visual content and by using functions on the social platform. The influencers collaborations and advertisement on the social platform shows on which level of expertise they achieve. Furthermore, the followers experience of the influencers content is evaluating the influencers credibility. To be able to evaluate these three factors, the influencer needs to interact with technical aspects such as social platforms and functions, but also to interact socially by giving personality and create engagement for the followers. The study also discovered a difference between male and female influencer usage of the platform, which gives their influence different impacts. This study therefore contributes the field of interest with a new model that can be used in order to examine influencer usage on different social platforms.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the representation of race, social class and gender in the 2013 video game Grand Theft Auto V. Postcolonial theory, including terms such as cultural hegemony, whiteness and Michel Foucaults definition of power, has served as the basis for the analysis. The postcolonial theory has been combined with class theory and gender theory for an intersectional analysis. Semiotic analysis has been used as the method in the thesis, and a total of nine story missions – three for each protagonist in the game – have constituted the material. The analysis has shown that Grand Theft Auto V contains stereotypical depictions of non-hegemonic groups in society, and that these depictions serve to perpetuate negative myths about members of ethnic minorities and the working class.

Today, personal data is used to generate added value for organizations. Consequently, misuse of private data is not surprising. The upcoming implementation of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is an attempt to restrict the exploitation of private data. In contrast to the current privacy law, GDPR will be more adjusted to the conditions of the contemporary society. System maintenance is at the core of privacy issues since information is stored in the systems. Based on Germany’s already established strict privacy regulation mirrored in GDPR, Germany is used as a source of comparison for the purpose of this study. Through a qualitative approach of system maintenance and GDPR, we analyze different strategies to comprehend the complexity in information security regarding privacy data. Based on our study we present four distinct contributions; first, concrete suggestions to consider in order to successfully handle personal information; second, a recognition of an organizational perspective on information security; third, we provide empirical evidence of how the field of system maintenance has evolved over time; fourth, a methodological contribution on how to study upcoming effects. 

After 9/11 and the following War on Terror, Muslims are often understood as global enemies. However, the idea of an international, Islamic enemy is in some circumstances criticized, not least after the actions of Anders Behring Breivik in Norway in 2011.

This study analyses the North American, Emmy Award-winning television series Homeland. It centres on the War on Terror and the following social and political climate, and there are opposing understandings regarding how religion and ethnicity are portrayed in the series. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analyse how such aspects are constructed in the series. A text analysis is used methodologically and the theoretical perspective contents of Semiotics, Eurocentrism and Orientalism in general, and Islamophobic themes in particular.

This study shows that in Homeland, the portrayal of heroes and enemies plus good and evil is complex. Islamophobic ideas are present, however, instead of agreeing with them, these often times show how such ideas are part of today's society and how they are affecting Western ideas of Muslims as public enemies. Concurrently, Christianity is exclusively portrayed in civilized circumstances, whereas Islam occasionally is portrayed asa sort of being that controls its adherents. With that said, Homeland is above all a construction of complexity.

Web 2.0 opened up for a lot of opportunities, digital spaces became open for everyone to participate. But if groups of people get harassed and threatened in this spaces, how does that affect participation? Threats, hateful comments and harassment is a phenomenon that appears to be a common part of life online. Some groups of people may experience this more then others. To investigate this further a qualitative study was conducted using two different methods of internet research; observation and interview online. I wanted to study how cyber hate take the expression against female bloggers that write about feminism. The women that participated in this study have all been harassed and received threats online of various kinds. The blogs that were observed all write about subjects that question and criticize social structures and norms that many take for granted. This seems to spark hatred and threats against these female bloggers. The interviewed bloggers had different strategies for dealing with cyber hate they received. One example of this is that they all review the comments before posted on the blog. A problem that a majority of the bloggers expressed was that general public and the justice system did not take cyber hate seriously. Some people that threats and post hateful comments do that with their full name exposed.  The study indicates that anonymity didn’t play that big part, as first expected, in how people expresses themselves online. 

Visualisation of proposed plans and designs can be done with a number of differenttechniques within the field of architecture and urban planning. But which visualisationtechnique is best suited when presenting a design proposal at a public consultation? Is therea breaking point where the user can form a general understanding of the proposed designdepending on the degree of fidelity? To seek answers to these questions a qualitative studywas conducted where five different visualisation techniques were tested on ten users toassess their understanding of a proposed design. Our findings show that there is not asingle best visualisation technique for public consultation. Based on our results thepreferred alternative would be a combination of several techniques. We could also see thatthe general understanding of a space increased until a certain degree, and after that adeeper more detail oriented understanding was achieved.

Author: Camilla Andersson

Title: The depiction of female and male elite soccer players in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter –  A quantitative and discursive analysis of the World Cup 2002 and 2003

Level of education: C

Subject: Media and Communication Studies

Umeå University: Department of Culture and Media Studies

Term: Spring 2004

Pages: 70

The purpose of this essay is that from a gender theoretical and critical discourse analysis perspective  study how the image of the Swedish football national teams and players in the 2002 World Cup (men) and 2003 (women) were constructed in the media coverage. I analyze articles published in Dagens Nyheter, Swedens biggest morningpaper and Aftonbladet, biggest eveningpaper. The method is based on a quantitative content analysis, and critical discourse analysis in which I use van Dijk's analytical approach.

Issues :

1. What constructed the World Cup in 2002 and 2003  players and teams, from a gender theoretical perspective in the mediatexts?

2. Can the constructions in question 1 (with respect to the World Cup, players and teams ) be attributed to a specific gender discourse and how can they then be explained from a discursive perspective?

Both the content analysis and critical discourse analysis points to significant differences in the attention value of the World Cup in 2002 and 2002.

• It differs in structure / presentation of the actual event where mens World Cup is constructed as a dramatic and historically important event. It has an impact on all pages in the paper: debate  culture, news sites as well on the sports pages. Articles about the female players are more concentrated on the sports pages.

• The difference in the portrayal of the fotball players. The portraits of the men are elaborate and well researched. The portraits of the women are much thinner, more of haste. The male practitioner depicted additionally as potent and purposeful and may control the narrative about himself. The image of the female practitioner will be that she "corrects herself nicely " after the reporter team. Women players are also asked to comment on other events, for instance the men´s competition, than the direct cause of the text that should be a portrait of the female player. They are also compared to male players . There are also some cases of differences in language use with a tendency to reduction of the female player. Important to remember, however, is that this is only a small number of texts that have been analyzed. Remarkable, however, are the results from the content analysis that there is much greater focus on the team when it comes to the ladies, and more focus on individuals when the men are described .

• The difference in the quality of production with respect to the number of articles , number of writers and in the construction of the articles. The number of articles is on average 5 times as many during the 2002 World Cup about Swedish national team (men) compared to the VM 2003 and the women's national team. Articles are also backed up in a greater extent by the factfile, tables and general articles relating to the World Cup. For the ladies it does not exist the same editorial back-up to lift the event to a few levels higher in readers' rankings. Here the focus is most of the game situation and to the team.

Attention value is higher for men, not only in terms of quantity but also in terms of where the texts are published. It is clear that in the material there is a dominance and importance discourse connected to gender in the surveillance of the World Cup.

Keywords: Mass Communication, Gender, Sport, Daily News Paper, World Cup, Attention Value

The overall aim of this thesis is to, through a case study of a local disaster organization, study the prerequisites for building functional Hastily Formed Networks in disasters and also how HFN:s can be linked to a proactive disaster organization.The study looks upon HFN:s from the organizational, cognitive aspects of communication – not the network/information technology – and focus on the issue of local empowerment. To set the theoretical framework the thesis makes use of Peter Senge's model on learning organization, Karl Weicks organizational and communication theory of microlevels in systems, commitment and enactment. The method is a case study with interviews and field observation of a proactive disaster organization in Indonesia, in the Sultanate of Yogyakarta on Java. The results shows that Yogyakarta is actively working with a model to take advantage of the experience from earlier catastrophes, spread the learnings to other, integrate community in the learning and trying to build local empowerment including a bottom-up approach. In the interviews topics raised as important to create a good collaboration in a HFN are: 1) Provide local leaders with professional support and coordination based on a common vision. 2) Establishing local empowerment and common visions. 3) Development of the organization and individuals. 4) The need for formal and informal structures and communication. 5) Need for local mandate for coordination and increased competence in local management. The themes all deal with challenges for HFN:s, presented in earlier research, and link strongly to Senge’s theoretical model for learning organization, trying to build trust and also micro committment for uncertain periods. This contributes to the capacity to be prepared for the unprepared.

Social media on the Web has become more common over the last decade and in recent years it has grown immensely. The social media with the highest amount of members is Facebook, where not only private persons are found - companies started to establish their profiles on the network in 2006. However, little is known about how these companies succeed and reach their audience with information dissemination and interact with them. The aim of this study is to contribute with information to local companies on how they can manage to maintain their activity with different approaches and strategies. This study examines how three different local companies chooses to spread information and maintain relationships with their members on Facebook. The research question in this thesis is: How are companies active on Facebook, in regard of dissemination of information and interaction? This is examined with the help of a framework which suggests three strategies with different grades of activity, which is applicable on the companies Facebook sites. The three strategies proposed by Waters, Burnett, Lamm and Lucas (2009) include disclosure, information dissemination and involvement. Disclosure contains a description about the company and its services, logo and opening hours. Information dissemination comprises photographs, video and audio files as well as news and campaigns in posted announcements or links. Involvement includes interactivity with customers, and between customers where ways to contact the company, such as e-mail and message boards exists. An e-commerce store is also presented in this strategy. The outcome of this thesis is that companies will have the best approach and strategy if they mirror their Facebook strategy with their business strategy. It is also of great importance to have continuous activity, both information dissemination and interactivity on the companies Facebook sites.