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  • 1.
    Rodriguez Serrano, Juan Jose
    et al.
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Andersson, Agneta
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Marine Sciences Centre (UMF). Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Björn, Erik
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry.
    Timonen, Sari
    Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Brugel, Sonia
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå Marine Sciences Centre (UMF).
    Skrobonja, Aleksandra
    ALS Scandinavia, Luleå, Sweden.
    Rowe, Owen
    Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, Helsinki, Finland.
    Inputs of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Matter Enhance Bacterial Production and Methylmercury Formation in Oxic Coastal Water2022In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 13, article id 809166Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin commonly found in aquatic environments and primarily formed by microbial methylation of inorganic divalent mercury (Hg(II)) under anoxic conditions. Recent evidence, however, points to the production of MeHg also in oxic pelagic waters, but the magnitude and the drivers for this process remain unclear. Here, we performed a controlled experiment testing the hypothesis that inputs of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) to coastal waters enhance MeHg formation via increased bacterial activity. Natural brackish seawater from a coastal area of the Baltic Sea was exposed to environmentally relevant levels of Hg(II) and additions of tDOM according to climate change scenarios. MeHg formation was observed to be coupled to elevated bacterial production rates, which, in turn, was linked to input levels of tDOM. The increased MeHg formation was, however, not coupled to any specific change in bacterial taxonomic composition nor to an increased abundance of known Hg(II) methylation genes. Instead, we found that the abundance of genes for the overall bacterial carbon metabolism was higher under increased tDOM additions. The findings of this study may have important ecological implications in a changing global climate by pointing to the risk of increased exposure of MeHg to pelagic biota.

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  • 2.
    Rodríguez, Juanjo
    Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
    Mercury methylation in boreal aquatic ecosystems under oxic conditions and climate change: a review2023In: Frontiers in Marine Science, E-ISSN 2296-7745, Vol. 10, article id 1198263Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Methylmercury (MeHg) formation is a concerning environmental issue described in waters and sediments from multiple aquatic ecosystems. The genetic and metabolic bases of mercury (Hg) methylation have been well described in anoxic environments, but a number of factors seem to point towards alternative pathways potentially occurring in pelagic waters under oxic conditions. Boreal aquatic ecosystems are predicted to undergo increasing concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a result of higher terrestrial runoff induced by climate change, which may have important implications in the formation of MeHg in the water column. In this review, different Hg methylation mechanisms postulated in the literature are discussed, with particular focus on potential pathways independent of the hgcAB gene pair and occurring under oxic conditions. Potential effects of DOM on Hg methylation and MeHg bioaccumulation are examined in the context of climate in boreal aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the implementation of meta-omic technologies and standardized methods into field measurements and incubation experiments is discussed as a valuable tool to determine taxonomic and functional aspects of Hg methylation in oxic waters and under climate change-induced conditions.

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