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  • 1.
    Andersen, Leon
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Appelblad, Micael
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Wiklund, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Svenmarker, Staffan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin.
    Our initial experience of monitoring the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass2023Ingår i: The journal of extra-corporeal technology, ISSN 0022-1058, Vol. 55, nr 4, s. 209-217Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is believed to be relatively constant within an upper and lower blood pressure limit. Different methods are available to monitor CBF autoregulation during surgery. This study aims to critically analyze the application of the cerebral oxygenation index (COx), one of the commonly used techniques, using a reference to data from a series of clinical registrations.

    METHOD: CBF was monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy, while cerebral blood pressure was estimated by recordings obtained from either the radial or femoral artery in 10 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. The association between CBF and blood pressure was calculated as a moving continuous correlation coefficient. A COx index > 0.4 was regarded as a sign of abnormal cerebral autoregulation (CA). Recordings were examined to discuss reliability measures and clinical feasibility of the measurements, followed by interpretation of individual results, identification of possible pitfalls, and suggestions of alternative methods.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Monitoring of CA during cardiopulmonary bypass is intriguing and complex. A series of challenges and limitations should be considered before introducing this method into clinical practice.

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  • 2.
    Andersson, Kennet
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Manchester, Ian R
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.
    Andersson, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Shiriaev, Anton
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid outflow conductance using an adaptive observer-experimental and clinical evaluation2007Ingår i: Physiological Measurement, ISSN 0967-3334, E-ISSN 1361-6579, Vol. 28, nr 11, s. 1355-1368Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients have a disturbance in the dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system. The outflow conductance, C, of the CSF system has been suggested to be prognostic for positive outcome after treatment with a CSF shunt. All current methods for estimation of C have drawbacks; these include lack of information on the accuracy and relatively long investigation times. Thus, there is a need for improved methods. To accomplish this, the theoretical framework for a new adaptive observer (OBS) was developed which provides real-time estimation of C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the OBS method and to compare it with the constant pressure infusion (CPI) method. The OBS method was applied to data from infusion investigations performed with the CPI method. These consisted of repeated measurements on an experimental set-up and 30 patients with suspected INPH. There was no significant difference in C between the CPI and the OBS method for the experimental set-up. For the patients there was a significant difference, −0.84 ± 1.25 µl (s kPa)−1, mean ± SD (paired sample t-test, p < 0.05). However, such a difference is within clinically acceptable limits. This encourages further development of this new real-time approach for estimation of the outflow conductance.

  • 3.
    Andersson, Kennet
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Effect of resting pressure on the estimate of cerebrospinal fluid outflow conductance2011Ingår i: Fluids and barriers of the CNS, ISSN 2045-8118, Vol. 8, nr 1, s. 15-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: A lumbar infusion test is commonly used as a predictive test for patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and for evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt function. Different infusion protocols can be used to estimate the outflow conductance (Cout) or its reciprocal the outflow resistance, (Rout) with or without using the baseline resting pressure, Pr. Both from a basic physiological research and a clinical perspective, it is important to understand the limitations of the model on which infusion tests are based. By estimating Cout using two different analyses, with or without Pr, the limitations could be explored. The aim of this study was to compare the Cout estimates, and investigate what effect Pr had on the results.

    METHODS: Sixty-three patients that underwent a constant pressure infusion protocol as part of their preoperative evaluation for normal pressure hydrocephalus, were included (age 70.3+/-10.8 years (mean +/-SD). The analysis was performed without (Cexcl Pr) and with (Cincl Pr) Pr. The estimates were compared using Bland-Altman plots and paired sample t-tests (p<0.05 considered significant).

    RESULTS: Mean Cout for the 63 patients was: Cexcl Pr = 7.0+/-4.0 (mean +/-SD) ul/(s kPa) and Cincl Pr = 9.1+/-4.3 ul/(s kPa) and Rout was 19.0+/-9.2 and 17.7+/-11.3 mmHg/ml/min, respectively. There was a positive correlation between methods (r=0.79, n=63, p<0.01). The difference, DeltaCout, -2.1+/-2.7 ul/(s kPa) between methods was significant (p<0.01) and DeltaRout was 1.2 +/- 8.8 mmHg/ml/min). The Bland-Altman plot visualized that the variation around the mean difference was similar all through the range of measured values and there was no correlation between DeltaCout and Cout.

    CONCLUSIONS: The difference between Cout estimates, obtained from analyses with or without Pr, needs to be taken into consideration when comparing results from studies using different infusion test protocols. The study suggests variation in CSF formation rate, variation in venous pressure or a pressure dependent Cout as possible causes for the deviation from the CSF absorption model seen in some patients.

  • 4.
    Andersson, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Cerebrospinal fluid infusion methods: development and validation on patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus2007Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion tests can be used to estimate the dynamic properties of the CSF system. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a syndrome signified by a disturbance to the CSF system, where the cause is unknown and the diagnosis is difficult to determine. As an aid in identifying patients with INPH who will improve after shunt surgery, infusion tests are commonly used to determine the outflow conductance (Cout), or outflow resistance (Rout=1/Cout), of the CSF system. The tests are also used to determine shunt function in vivo. The general aim of this thesis was to develop and validate CSF infusion methods, to investigate the dynamics of the CSF system. The methods should be applicable to patients with INPH, to aid in the quest to further improve the diagnosis and management of this syndrome.

    An existing mathematical model describing the dynamics of the CSF system was further developed. The characteristics of the model were verified and the effect of expanding intracranial air on the intracranial pressure (ICP) was simulated. The simulations supported the recommendation to maintain sea-level pressure during air ambulance transportation of patients with suspected intracranial air.

    A recently developed infusion apparatus was evaluated, on an experimental model as well as on a patient material. The repetitiveness in estimating Cout was found to be good. A statistically significant difference was found between the repeated Cout estimations in the patient group, indicating that there might have been a small physiological change introduced during the infusion test. A parameter, ∆Cout, was proposed and evaluated. It proved to reflect the reliability of individual Cout investigations in a clinically useful way, as well as to provide easily interpreted information.

    An adaptive algorithm for assessment of Cout was developed and evaluated on a patient group. The new algorithm was shown to reduce the investigation time, from 60 minutes, by 14.3 ± 5.9 minutes (mean ± SD), p<0.01, without reducing the reliability of the estimated Cout below clinically relevant levels.

    The relationship between ICP and CSF outflow was studied in a group of patients investigated for INPH. It was found that in the range of moderate increase from baseline pressure, the assumption of a pressure independent Rout was confirmed (p=0.5). However, at larger pressure increments, the relationship had a non-linear tendency (p<0.05). This indicates that the traditional view of a pressure independent Rout might have to be questioned in the region where ICP exceeds baseline pressure too much.

    Infusion tests can be performed in different ways, where three main categories may be distinguished. The bolus infusion method was compared to the constant pressure and constant flow infusion methods, on an experimental model as well as on a patient material. When physiological pressure fluctuations were added to the model, significant differences were found in the determination of Cout in the range of clinical importance, i.e. low Cout (p<0.05). The finding was supported by the patient investigations, the difference was however not significant.

    With the application of the new methods developed in this thesis, and the increased knowledge concerning relationships between CSF dynamic parameters, the CSF infusion test was further improved with the ability to increase measurement reliability in a reduced time. This constitutes a good basis to perform a large multi-centre study with the main goal to determine the predictive value of the parameter Cout.

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  • 5.
    Andersson, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Grip, Helena
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, Sjukgymnastik.
    Lindvall, Peter
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Brändström, Helge
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Air transport of patients with intracranial air: computer model of pressure effects2003Ingår i: Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 0095-6562, E-ISSN 1943-4448, Vol. 74, nr 2, s. 138-144Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 6.
    Andersson, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi. Neurologi.
    Bäcklund, Tomas
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid outflow conductance using constant-pressure infusion - a method with real time estimation of reliability2005Ingår i: Physiological Measurement, ISSN 0967-3334, E-ISSN 1361-6579, Vol. 26, nr 6, s. 1137-1148Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 7.
    Andersson, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Umeå University Hospital.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Umeå University Hospital.
    Dependency of cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance on intracranial pressure2008Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0022-3085, E-ISSN 1933-0693, Vol. 109, nr 5, s. 918-922Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECT: The outflow resistance (Rout) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system has generally been accepted by most investigators as independent of intracranial pressure (ICP), but there are also those claiming that it is not. The general belief is that this question has been investigated numerous times in the past, but few studies have actually been specifically aimed at looking at this relationship, and no study has been able to provide scientific evidence to elucidate fully this fundamental and important issue. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ICP and CSF outflow in 30 patients investigated for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. METHODS: Lumbar infusion tests with constant pressure levels were performed, and ICP and corresponding flow were measured on 6 pressure levels for each patient. All data were standardized for comparison. RESULTS: In the range of moderate increases from baseline pressure (approximately 5-12 mm Hg, mean baseline pressure 11.7 mm Hg), the assumption of a pressure-independent Rout was confirmed (p = 0.5). However, when the pressure increment from baseline pressure was larger (approximately 15-22 mm Hg), the relationship had a nonlinear tendency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the classic textbook theory of a pressure-independent Rout in the normal ICP range, where the CSF system is commonly operating. However, the theory might have to be questioned in regions where ICP exceeds baseline pressure by too much.

  • 8.
    Andersson, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi.
    Wiklund, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Adaptive method for assessment of cerebrospinal fluid outflow conductance.2007Ingår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, Vol. 45, nr 4, s. 337-343Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Outflow conductance (C out) is important for predicting shunt responsiveness in patients with suspected idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome (IAHS). C out is determined by performing an infusion test into the cerebrospinal fluid system, and the reliability of the test is dependent on the measurement time. The objective of this study was to develop an adaptive signal analysis method to reduce the investigation time, by taking the individual intracranial pressure variations of the patient into consideration. The method was evaluated on 28 patients with suspected IAHS. The results from full time investigations (60 min) were compared to the results of the new algorithm. Applying the new adaptive method resulted in a reduction of mean investigation time by 14.3 ± 5.9 min (mean ± SD), p < 0.01. The reduction of reliability in the C out estimation was found clinically negligible. We thus recommend this adaptive method to be used when performing constant pressure infusion tests.

  • 9.
    Andrén, Kerstin
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Wikkelsö, Carsten
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Agerskov, Simon
    Israelsson, Hanna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Laurell, Katarina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Hellström, Per
    Tullberg, Mats
    Long-term effects of complications and vascular comorbidity in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a quality registry study2018Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 265, nr 1, s. 178-186Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: There is little knowledge about the factors influencing the long-term outcome after surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

    Objective: To evaluate the effects of reoperation due to complications and of vascular comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, stroke and heart disease) on the outcome in iNPH patients, 2–6 years after shunt surgery.

    Methods: We included 979 patients from the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR), operated on for iNPH during 2004–2011. The patients were followed yearly by mailed questionnaires, including a self-assessed modified Rankin Scale (smRS) and a subjective comparison between their present and their preoperative health condition. The replies were grouped according to the length of follow-up after surgery. Data on clinical evaluations, vascular comorbidity, and reoperations were extracted from the SHQR.

    Results: On the smRS, 40% (38–41) of the patients were improved 2–6 years after surgery and around 60% reported their general health condition to be better than preoperatively. Reoperation did not influence the outcome after 2–6 years. The presence of vascular comorbidity had no negative impact on the outcome after 2–6 years, assessed as improvement on the smRS or subjective improvement of the health condition, except after 6 years when patients with hypertension and a history of stroke showed a less favorable development on the smRS.

    Conclusion: This registry-based study shows no negative impact of complications and only minor effects of vascular comorbidity on the long-term outcome in iNPH.

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  • 10. Andrén, Kerstin
    et al.
    Wikkelsø, Carsten
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Israelsson, Hanna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Agerskov, Simon
    Laurell, Katarina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hellström, Per
    Tullberg, Mats
    Survival in treated idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus2020Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 267, nr 3, s. 640-648Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To describe survival and causes of death in 979 treated iNPH patients from the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR), and to examine the influence of comorbidities, symptom severity and postoperative outcome.

    Methods: All 979 patients operated for iNPH 2004–2011 and registered in the SHQR were included. A matched control group of 4890 persons from the general population was selected by Statistics Sweden. Data from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry was obtained for patients and controls.

    Results: At a median 5.9 (IQR 4.2–8.1) year follow-up, 37% of the iNPH patients and 23% of the controls had died. Mortality was increased in iNPH patients by a hazard ratio of 1.81, 95% CI 1.61–2.04, p < 0.001. More pronounced symptoms in the preoperative ordinal gait scale and the Mini-mental State Examination were the most important independent predictors of mortality along with the prevalence of heart disease. Patients who improved in both the gait scale and in the modified Rankin Scale postoperatively (n = 144) had a similar survival as the general population (p = 0.391). Deaths due to cerebrovascular disease or dementia were more common in iNPH patients, while more controls died because of neoplasms or disorders of the circulatory system.

    Conclusions: Mortality in operated iNPH patients is 1.8 times increased compared to the general population, a lower figure than previously reported. The survival of iNPH patients who improve in gait and functional independence is similar to that of the general population, indicating that shunt surgery for iNPH, besides improving symptoms and signs, can normalize survival.

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  • 11.
    Brändström, Helge
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Sundelin, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Hoseason, Daniela
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Birgander, Richard
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Diagnostisk radiologi.
    Johansson, Göran
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Winsö, Ola
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Haney, Michael
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Risk for intracranial pressure increase related to enclosed air in post-craniotomy patients during air ambulance transport: a retrospective cohort study with simulation2017Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, E-ISSN 1757-7241, Vol. 25, artikel-id 50Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Post-craniotomy intracranial air can be present in patients scheduled for air ambulance transport to their home hospital. We aimed to assess risk for in-flight intracranial pressure (ICP) increases related to observed intracranial air volumes, hypothetical sea level pre-transport ICP, and different potential flight levels and cabin pressures. METHODS: A cohort of consecutive subdural hematoma evacuation patients from one University Medical Centre was assessed with post-operative intracranial air volume measurements by computed tomography. Intracranial pressure changes related to estimated intracranial air volume effects of changing atmospheric pressure (simulating flight and cabin pressure changes up to 8000 ft) were simulated using an established model for intracranial pressure and volume relations. RESULTS: Approximately one third of the cohort had post-operative intracranial air. Of these, approximately one third had intracranial air volumes less than 11 ml. The simulation estimated that the expected changes in intracranial pressure during 'flight' would not result in intracranial hypertension. For intracranial air volumes above 11 ml, the simulation suggested that it was possible that intracranial hypertension could develop 'inflight' related to cabin pressure drop. Depending on the pre-flight intracranial pressure and air volume, this could occur quite early during the assent phase in the flight profile. DISCUSSION: These findings support the idea that there should be radiographic verification of the presence or absence of intracranial air after craniotomy for patients planned for long distance air transport. CONCLUSIONS: Very small amounts of air are clinically inconsequential. Otherwise, air transport with maintained ground-level cabin pressure should be a priority for these patients.

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  • 12.
    Bäcklund, Tomas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Frankel, Jennifer
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Israelsson, Hanna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Trunk sway in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: quantitative assessment in clinical practice2017Ingår i: Gait & Posture, ISSN 0966-6362, E-ISSN 1879-2219, s. 62-70, artikel-id 54Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In diagnosis and treatment of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), there is need for clinically applicable, quantitative assessment of balance and gait. Using a body worn gyroscopic system, the aim of this study was to assess postural stability of iNPH patients in standing, walking and during sensory deprivation before and after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage and surgery. A comparison was performed between healthy elderly (HE) and patients with various types of hydrocephalus (ventriculomegaly (VM)).

    Methods: Trunk sway was measured in 31 iNPH patients, 22 VM patients and 58 HE. Measurements were performed at baseline in all subjects, after CSF drainage in both patient groups and after shunt surgery in the iNPH group.

    Results: Preoperatively, the iNPH patients had significantly higher trunk sway compared to HE, specifically for the standing tasks (p < 0.001). Compared to VM, iNPH patients had significantly lower sway velocity during gait in three of four cases on firm support (p < 0.05). Sway velocity improved after CSF drainage and in forward-backward direction after surgery (p < 0.01). Compared to HE both patient groups demonstrated less reliance on visual input to maintain stable posture.

    Conclusions: INPH patients had reduced postural stability compared to HE, particularly during standing, and for differentiation between iNPH and VM patients sway velocity during gait is a promising parameter. A reversible reduction of visual incorporation during standing was also seen. Thus, the gyroscopic system quantitatively assessed postural deficits in iNPH, making it a potentially useful tool for aiding in future diagnoses, choices of treatment and clinical follow-up. 

  • 13.
    Bäcklund, Tomas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Grip, Helena
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Öhberg, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Single sensor measurement of heel-height during the push-off phase of gait2021Ingår i: Physiological Measurement, ISSN 0967-3334, E-ISSN 1361-6579, Vol. 42, nr 10, artikel-id 105016Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: In healthy gait a forceful push-off is needed to get an efficient leg swing and propulsion, and a high heel lift makes a forceful push-off possible. The power of the push-off is decreased with increased age and in persons with impaired balance and gait. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a wearable equipment (Striton) and algorithms to estimate vertical heel-height during gait from a single optical distance sensor is reliable and feasible for clinical applications.

    Approach: To assess heel-height with the Striton system an optical distance sensor was used to measure the distance to the floor along the shank. An algorithm was created to transform this measure to a vertical distance. The heel-height was validated in an experimental setup, against a 3D motion capture system (MCS), and test-retest and day-to-day tests were performed on 10 elderly persons. As a reference material 83 elderly persons were included, and heel-height was measured before and after surgery in four patients with the neurological disorder idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

    Main results: In the experimental setup the accuracy was high with a maximum error of 2% at all distances, target colours and inclination angles, and the correlation to the MCS was R = 0.94. Test-retest and day-to-day tests were equal within ±1.2 cm. Mean heel-height of the elderly persons was 16.5 ± 0.6 cm and in the patients with iNPH heel-height was increased from 11.2 cm at baseline to 15.3 cm after surgery.

    Significance: Striton can reliably measure heel-height during gait, with low test-retest and day-to-day variability. The system was easy to attach, and simple to use, which makes it suitable for clinical applications.

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  • 14.
    Bäcklund, Tomas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Öhberg, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Grip, Helena
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Johansson, Gudrun
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    O 035 - A novel method to measure step width during the swing phase of gait2018Ingår i: Gait & Posture, ISSN 0966-6362, E-ISSN 1879-2219, Vol. 65, s. 71-72Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 15.
    Bäcklund, Tomas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Öhberg, Fredrik
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Johansson, Gudrun
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering.
    Grip, Helena
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Novel, clinically applicable method to measure step-width during the swing phase of gait2020Ingår i: Physiological Measurement, ISSN 0967-3334, E-ISSN 1361-6579, Vol. 41, nr 6, artikel-id 065005Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Step-width during walking is an indicator of stability and balance in patients with neurological disorders, and development of objective tools to measure this clinically would be a great advantage. The aim of this study was to validate an in-house-developed gait analysis system (Striton), based on optical and inertial sensors and a novel method for stride detection, for measuring step-width during the swing phase of gait and temporal parameters.

    Approach: The step-width and stride-time measurements were validated in an experimental setup, against a 3D motion capture system and on an instrumented walkway. Further, test-retest and day-to-day variability were evaluated, and gait parameters were collected from 87 elderly persons (EP) and four individuals with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) before/after surgery.

    Main results: Accuracy of the step-width measurement was high: in the experimental setup mean error was 0.08 +/- 0.25 cm (R = 1.00) and against the 3D motion capture system 0.04 +/- 1.12 cm (R = 0.98). Test-retest and day-to-day measurements were equal within +/- 0.5 cm. Mean difference in stride time was -0.003 +/- 0.008 s between Striton and the instrumented walkway. The Striton system was successfully applied in the clinical setting on individuals with iNPH, which had larger step-width (6.88 cm, n = 4) compared to EP (5.22 cm, n = 87).

    Significance: We conclude that Striton is a valid, reliable and wearable system for quantitative assessment of step-width and temporal parameters during gait. Initial measurements indicate that the newly defined step-width parameter differs between EP and patients with iNPH and before/after surgery. Thus, there is potential for clinical applicability in patients with reduced gait stability.

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  • 16.
    Chidiac, Christine
    et al.
    Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Tullberg, M.
    Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Arvidsson, L.
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Olivecrona, M.
    Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Waiting time for surgery influences the outcome in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a population-based study2022Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica, ISSN 0001-6268, E-ISSN 0942-0940, Vol. 164, nr 2, s. 469-478Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a disease that comes with a great impact on the patient’s life. The only treatment for iNPH, which is a progressive disease, is shunt surgery. It is previously indicated that early intervention might be of importance for the outcome.

    Aim: To investigate if a longer waiting time for surgery, negatively influences the clinical outcome.

    Methods: Eligible for this study were all iNPH patients (n = 3007) registered in the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR) during 1st of January 2004–12th of June 2019. Waiting time, defined as time between the decision to accept a patient for surgery and shunt surgery, was divided into the intervals ≤ 3, 3.1–5.9 and ≥ 6 months. Clinical outcome was assessed 3 and 12 months after surgery using the modified iNPH scale, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the mini mental state examination (MMSE).

    Results: Three months after surgery, 57% of the patients with ≤ 3 months waiting time showed an improvement in modified iNPH scale (≥ 5 points) whereas 52% and 46% of patients with 3.1–5.9 and ≥ 6 months waiting time respectively improved (p = 0.0115). At 12 months of follow-up, the corresponding numbers were 61%, 52% and 51% respectively (p = 0.0536).

    Conclusions: This population-based study showed that in patients with iNPH, shunt surgery should be performed within 3 months of decision to surgery, to attain the best outcome.

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  • 17.
    Erelund, Sofia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Klinisk fysiologi.
    Karp, Kjell
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Klinisk fysiologi.
    Arvidsson, Sandra
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Klinisk fysiologi.
    Johansson, Bengt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Klinisk fysiologi.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Wiklund, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Pulmonary function in a cohort of heart-healthy individuals from Northern Sweden: a comparison with discordant reference values2023Ingår i: BMC Pulmonary Medicine, E-ISSN 1471-2466, Vol. 23, nr 1, artikel-id 110Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Dynamic spirometry is an important investigation to differentiate between impaired and normal lung function. This study aimed to evaluate the results of lung function testing in a cohort of subjects from Northern Sweden without any known heart or pulmonary disease. Our focus was to compare with two reference materials that have showed differences in the age-dependency of lung function in Swedish subjects.

    METHODS: The study population consisted of 285 healthy adults (148 males, 52%) between 20-90 years of age. The subjects had been randomly selected from the population register for inclusion in a study investigating cardiac function in heart-healthy subjects, but were also assessed with dynamic spirometry. At least seven percent reported smoking. Sixteen subjects presented with pulmonary functional impairments and were excluded from the current study. The sex-specific age-dependency in lung volumes was estimated using the LMS model, where non-linear equations were derived for the mean value (M), the location (L) or skewness, and the scatter (S) or coefficient of variation. This model of the observed lung function data was compared with reference values given by the original LMS model published by the Global Lung Initiative (GLI), and with the model from the recent Obstructive Lung Disease In Norrbotten (OLIN) study, where higher reference values were presented for Swedish subjects than those given by the GLI model.

    RESULTS: No differences were found in the age-dependency of pulmonary function between the LMS model developed in the study and the OLIN model. Although the study group included smokers, the original GLI reference values suggested significantly lower normal values of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume) and FVC (forced vital capacity), and consequently fewer subjects below the lower limit of normality, than both the rederived LMS and OLIN models.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results are in line with previous reports and support that the original GLI reference values underestimate pulmonary function in the adult Swedish population. This underestimation could be reduced by updating the coefficients in the underlying LMS model based on a larger cohort of Swedish citizens than was available in this study.

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  • 18.
    Erelund, Sofia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Klinisk fysiologi.
    Slunga-Järvholm, Lisbeth
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa.
    Nordendahl, Maria
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Allmänmedicin.
    Johansson, Bengt
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap.
    Wiklund, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Heart rate variability and long-term survival in females with ischemic heart diseaseManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 19.
    Erelund, Sofia
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap.
    Södergren, Anna
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, Reumatologi.
    Wiklund, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Heart rate variability and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal study2023Ingår i: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical, ISSN 1566-0702, E-ISSN 1872-7484, Vol. 249, artikel-id 103119Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It is established that the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Heart rate variability (HRV) is a method for evaluating the activity in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. Our aim was to assess the longitudinal development of HRV in patients with RA and compare with healthy controls. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate associations between HRV, inflammatory disease activity and cardiovascular complications in patients with RA over time.

    Method: HRV was assessed with frequency-domain analysis at baseline and after five years in 50 patients with early RA, all being younger than 60 years. HRV indices were age-adjusted based on the estimated age-dependency in 100 age and sex matched healthy controls. Additionally, clinical data including serological markers, disease activity, and blood pressure were collected from the patients. Eleven years after inclusion CVD was assessed.

    Results: At baseline, patients with RA presented with lower HRV compared to controls during deep breathing (6 breaths/min), paced normal breathing (12 breaths/min) and after passive tilt to the upright position. No significant change in HRV was observed at the five-year follow-up. A significant negative correlation was found between HRV parameters and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at baseline. A significant positive correlation was found between heart rate and inflammatory markers at baseline but not after five years. Nine patients had developed CVD after 11 years, but no significant association was found with baseline HRV data.

    Conclusion: This study showed that patients with RA have autonomic imbalance both at an early stage of the disease and after five years, despite anti-rheumatic medication, but no correlation between HRV and inflammation markers were observed. Reduced HRV was also significantly negatively correlated with increased SBP. Hypertension is a common finding in patients with RA. Thus, significant decline of HRV could be a useful early marker for development of hypertension in patients with RA.

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  • 20.
    Gasslander, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap. Departments of Cardiology and Health, Medicine and Caring Services, Linkoping University, Vrinnevi General Hospital Norrköping.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Neurovetenskaper.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Neurovetenskaper.
    Risk factors for developing subdural hematoma: a registry-based study in 1457 patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus2021Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0022-3085, E-ISSN 1933-0693, Vol. 134, nr 2, s. 668-677Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Subdural hematomas and hygromas (SDHs) are common complications in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients with shunts. In this registry-based study, patients with shunted iNPH were screened nationwide to identify perioperative variables that may increase the risk of SDH.

    METHODS: The Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry was reviewed for iNPH patients who had undergone shunt surgery in Sweden in 2004-2014. Potential risk factors for SDH were recorded preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. Drug prescriptions were identified from a national pharmacy database. Patients who developed SDHs were compared with those without SDHs.

    RESULTS: The study population consisted of 1457 patients, 152 (10.4%) of whom developed an SDH. Men developed an SDH more often than women (OR 2.084, 95% CI 1.421-3.058, p < 0.001). Patients on platelet aggregation inhibitors developed an SDH more often than those who were not (OR 1.733, 95% CI 1.236-2.431, p = 0.001). At surgery, shunt opening pressures had been set 5.9 mm H2O lower in the SDH group than in the no-SDH group (109.6 ± 24.1 vs 115.5 ± 25.4 mm H2O, respectively, p = 0.009). Antisiphoning devices (ASDs) were used in 892 patients but did not prevent SDH. Mean opening pressures at surgery and the follow-up were lower with shunts with an ASD, without causing more SDHs. No other differences were seen between the groups.

    CONCLUSIONS: iNPH patients in this study were diagnosed and operated on in routine practice; thus, the results represent everyday care. Male sex, antiplatelet medication, and a lower opening pressure at surgery were risk factors for SDH. Physical status and comorbidity were not. ASD did not prevent SDH, but a shunt with an ASD allowed a lower opening pressure without causing more SDHs.

  • 21.
    Holmlund, Petter
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Johansson, Elias
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Qvarlander, Sara
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Venous collapse regulates intracranial pressure in upright body positions2018Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, ISSN 0363-6119, E-ISSN 1522-1490, Vol. 314, nr 3, s. R377-R385Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent interest in intracranial pressure (ICP) in the upright posture has revealed that the mechanisms regulating postural changes in ICP are not fully understood. We have suggested an explanatory model where the postural changes in ICP depend on well-established hydrostatic effects in the venous system and where these effects are interrupted by collapse of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) in more upright positions. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship by simultaneous invasive measurements of ICP, venous pressure and IJV collapse in healthy volunteers. ICP (monitored via the lumbar route), central venous pressure (PICC-line) and IJV cross-sectional area (ultrasound) were measured in 11 healthy volunteers (47±10 years) in seven positions, from supine to sitting (0°-69°). Venous pressure and anatomical distances were used to predict ICP in accordance with the explanatory model, and IJV area was used to assess IJV collapse. The hypothesis was tested by comparing measured ICP to predicted ICP. Our model accurately described the general behavior of the observed postural ICP changes (mean difference: -0.03±2.7 mmHg). No difference was found between predicted and measured ICP for any tilt-angle (p-values: 0.65 - 0.94). The results support the hypothesis that postural ICP changes are governed by hydrostatic effects in the venous system and IJV collapse. This improved understanding of the postural ICP regulation may have important implications for the development of better treatments for neurological and neurosurgical conditions affecting ICP.

  • 22.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Olivecrona, Magnus
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Prostacyclin Influences the Pressure Reactivity in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Treated with an ICP-Targeted Therapy2015Ingår i: Neurocritical Care, ISSN 1541-6933, E-ISSN 1556-0961, Vol. 22, nr 1, s. 26-33Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This prospective consecutive double-blinded randomized study investigated the effect of prostacyclin on pressure reactivity (PR) in severe traumatic brain injured patients. Other aims were to describe PR over time and its relation to outcome. Blunt head trauma patients, Glasgow coma scale a parts per thousand currency sign8, age 15-70 years were included and randomized to prostacyclin treatment (n = 23) or placebo (n = 25). Outcome was assessed using the extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE) at 3 months. PR was calculated as the regression coefficient between the hourly mean values of ICP versus MAP. Pressure active/stable was defined as PR a parts per thousand currency sign0. Mean PR over 96 h (PRtot) was 0.077 +/- A 0.168, in the prostacyclin group 0.030 +/- A 0.153 and in the placebo group 0.120 +/- A 0.173 (p < 0.02). There was a larger portion of pressure-active/stable patients in the prostacyclin group than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). Intra-individual changes over time were common. PRtot correlated negatively with GOSE score (p < 0.04). PRtot was 0.117 +/- A 0.182 in the unfavorable (GOSE 1-4) and 0.029 +/- A 0.140 in the favorable outcome group (GOSE 5-8). Area under the curve for prediction of death (ROC) was 0.742 and for favorable outcome 0.628. Prostacyclin influenced the PR in a direction of increased pressure stability and a lower PRtot was associated with improved outcome. The individual PR varied substantially over time. The predictive value of PRtot for outcome was not solid enough to be used in the clinical situation.

  • 23.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Hägglund, Linda
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Olivecrona, Magnus
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap. Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Section for Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Department for Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .
    Prostacyclin Affects the Relation Between Brain Interstitial Glycerol and Cerebrovascular Pressure Reactivity in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury2019Ingår i: Neurocritical Care, ISSN 1541-6933, E-ISSN 1556-0961, Vol. 31, nr 3, s. 494-500Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Cerebral injury may alter the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. One index for describing cerebrovascular state is the pressure reactivity (PR). Little is known of whether PR is associated with measures of brain metabolism and indicators of ischemia and cell damage. The aim of this investigation was to explore whether increased interstitial levels of glycerol, a marker of cell membrane damage, are associated with PR, and if prostacyclin, a membrane stabilizer and regulator of the microcirculation, may affect this association in a beneficial way.

    Materials and Methods: Patients suffering severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) were treated according to an intracranial pressure (ICP)-targeted therapy based on the Lund concept and randomized to an add-on treatment with prostacyclin or placebo. Inclusion criteria were verified blunt head trauma, Glasgow Coma Score <= 8, age 15-70 years, and a first measured cerebral perfusion pressure of >= 10 mmHg. Multimodal monitoring was applied. A brain microdialysis catheter was placed on the worst affected side, close to the penumbra zone. Mean (glycerol(mean)) and maximal glycerol (glycerol(max)) during the 96-h sampling period were calculated. The mean PR was calculated as the ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) regression coefficient based on hourly mean ICP and MAP during the first 96 h.

    Results: Of the 48 included patients, 45 had valid glycerol and PR measurements available. PR was higher in the placebo group as compared to the prostacyclin group (p = 0.0164). There was a positive correlation between PR and the glycerol(mean) (rho = 0.503, p = 0.01) and glycerol(max) (rho = 0.490, p = 0.015) levels in the placebo group only.

    Conclusions: PR is correlated to the glycerol level in patients suffering from sTBI, a relationship that is not seen in the group treated with prostacyclin. Glycerol has been associated with membrane degradation and may support glycerol as a biomarker for vascular endothelial breakdown. Such a breakdown may impair the regulation of cerebrovascular PR.

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  • 24.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Hägglund, Linda
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Olivecrona, Magnus
    The relation between brain interstitial clycerol and pressure reactivity in TBI is prostacyclin dependent2018Ingår i: Journal of Neurotrauma, ISSN 0897-7151, E-ISSN 1557-9042, Vol. 35, nr 16, s. A185-A185Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 25.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Sundstrom, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Brorsson, Camilla
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap.
    Olivecrona, M.
    SECONDARY PEAK OF S-100B IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMPRESSIVE HEMICRANIECTOMY2016Ingår i: Journal of Neurotrauma, ISSN 0897-7151, E-ISSN 1557-9042, Vol. 33, nr 3, s. A27-A27Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    S-100B is a tissue biomarker for brain injury and secondary peak of S-100B (SP) is associated with outcome. Little is known whether SP is associated with decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC).

  • 26.
    Lenfeldt, Niklas
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi. Neurologi.
    Andersson, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Ågren-Wilsson, Aina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi. Neurologi.
    Bergenheim, A Tommy
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi. Neurokirurgi.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D
    Neurokirurgi.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi. Neurologi.
    Cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure method: a possible substitute for the examination of B waves2004Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0022-3085, E-ISSN 1933-0693, Vol. 101, nr 6, s. 944-950Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Object. The appearance of numerous B waves during intracranial pressure (ICP) registration in patients with idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome (IAHS) is considered to predict good outcome after shunt surgery. The aim of this study was to describe which physical parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system B-waves reflect and to find a method that could replace long-term B-wave analysis.

    Methods. Ten patients with IAHS were subjected to long-term registration of ICP and a lumbar constant-pressure infusion test. The B-wave presence, CSF outflow resistance (Rout), and relative pulse pressure coefficient (RPPC) were assessed using computerized analysis. The RPPC was introduced as a parameter reflecting the joint effect of elastance and pulsatory volume changes on ICP and was determined by relating ICP pulse amplitudes to mean ICP.

    Conclusions. The B-wave presence on ICP registration correlates strongly with RPPC (r = 0.91, p < 0.001, 10 patients) but not with CSF Rout. This correlation indicates that B waves—like RPPC—primarily reflect the ability of the CSF system to reallocate and store liquid rather than absorb it. The RPPC-assessing lumbar short-term CSF pulse pressure method could replace the intracranial long-term B-wave analysis.

  • 27.
    Liljegren, Axel Risinger
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Science-Neurosciences, Sweden.
    Brorsson, Camilla
    Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Marcus
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    Department of Clinical Science-Neurosciences, Sweden.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity measures: index comparison and clinical outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury treated according to an intracranial pressure–focused management2023Ingår i: Neurotrauma Reports, E-ISSN 2689-288X, Vol. 4, nr 1, s. 848-856Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to investigate whether the pressure reactivity indices PRx, long-PRx (L-PRx), and pressure reactivity (PR) are interchangeable as measures of vascular reactivity, and whether they correlate with clinical outcome when an intracranial pressure (ICP)-targeted treatment regimen is applied in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients with TBI (n = 29) that arrived at the hospital within 24 h of injury were included. PRx and L-PRx were derived from Pearson correlations between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP over a short- and long-time interval. PR was the regression coefficient between the hourly mean values of ICP and MAP. Indices were compared to each other, parameters at admission, and outcome assessed by the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) at 6 and 12 months. PRx and L-PRx had the strongest correlation with each other (R = 0.536, p < 0.01). A correlation was also noted between L-PRx and PR (R = 0.475, p < 0.01), but not between PRx and PR. A correlation was found between age and PRx (R = 0.482, p = 0.01). No association with outcome for any of the indices was found. PRx/L-PRx and L-PRx/PR were moderately correlated with each other. Age was associated with PRx. None of the indices correlated with outcome when our ICP treatment regime was applied. Part of our null hypothesis, that the three indices are associated with outcome, must be rejected. There was, however, an association between some of the indices. To further understand the relation of treatment regimes and pressure reactivity indices, a larger, randomized study is warranted.

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  • 28.
    Malm, Jan
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Cesarini, Kristina G
    Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Edsbagge, Mikael
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Kristensen, B
    Department of Neurology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
    Leijon, Göran
    Division of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Implementation of a new CSF dynamic device: a multicenter feasibility study in 562 patients2012Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-6314, E-ISSN 1600-0404, Vol. 125, nr 3, s. 199-205Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion test is frequently used when selecting hydrocephalus patients for shunt surgery. Very little has been reported regarding adverse events. We present a prospective feasibility study.

    Methods: Standardized devices for measuring CSF dynamics were built and 562 patients investigated: Needles were placed by lumbar puncture (LP). An automatic CSF infusion protocol was performed. Course of events during the investigation as well as adverse events were registered.

    Results: Preoperative evaluation of normal-pressure hydrocephalus was the most common indication (63%), followed by evaluation of shunt function (23%) and intracranial pressure recordings (14%). The LP was successfully performed in all but nine cases with 24 patients (4.3%) reporting major discomfort. Ringer infusion was performed in 474 investigations, and a valid measurement of the outflow resistance was received in 439 (93%). During the infusion phase, 17 (4%) patients reported severe headache. Infusion volume was significantly higher in patients having subjective symptoms during the infusion phase compared with those without adverse events. During 269 preoperative CSF tap tests, six (2%) patients had severe headache. Post-investigational headache was reported by 83 (15%) patients at the 24-h follow-up. No serious adverse events were observed.

    Conclusion: Infusion testing was safe and without serious adverse events with a high rate of successful procedures. The investigation was associated with expected mild to moderate discomfort.

  • 29.
    Manchester, Ian
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.
    Andersson, Kennet
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Andersson, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Shiriaev, Anton S
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    A nonlinear observer for on-line estimation of the cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance.2008Ingår i: Automatica, ISSN 0005-1098, E-ISSN 1873-2836, Vol. 44, nr 5, s. 1426-1430Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Accurate estimates of the outflow resistance of the human cerebrospinal fluid system are important for the diagnosis of a medical condition known as hydrocephalus. In this paper we design a nonlinear observer which provides on-line estimates of the outflow resistance, to the best of our knowledge the first method to do so. The output of the observer is proven to globally converge to an unbiased estimate. Its performance is experimentally verified using the same apparatus used to perform actual patient diagnoses and a specially-designed physical model of the human cerebrospinal fluid system.

  • 30.
    Qvarlander, Sara
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Postural effects on intracranial pressure: modeling and clinical evaluation2013Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology, ISSN 8750-7587, E-ISSN 1522-1601, Vol. 115, nr 10, s. 1474-1480Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction The physiological effect of posture on intracranial pressure (ICP) is not well described. This study defined and evaluated three mathematical models describing the postural effects on ICP, designed to predict ICP at different head-up tilt-angles from the supine ICP value.

    Methods Model I was based on a hydrostatic indifference point for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system, i.e. the existence of a point in the system where pressure is independent of body position. Models II and III were based on Davson's equation for CSF absorption, which relates ICP to venous pressure, and postulated that gravitational effects within the venous system are transferred to the CSF system. Model II assumed a fully communicating venous system and model III that collapse of the jugular veins at higher tilt-angles creates two separate hydrostatic compartments. Evaluation of the models was based on ICP measurements at seven tilt-angles (0-71°)in 27 normal pressure hydrocephalus patients.

    Results ICP decreased with tilt-angle (ANOVA, p<0.01). The reduction was well predicted by model III (ANOVA lack-of-fit: p=0.65), which showed excellent fit against measured ICP. Neither model I nor II adequately described the reduction in ICP (ANOVA lack-of-fit: p<0.01).

    Conclusion Postural changes in ICP could not be predicted based on the currently accepted theory of a hydrostatic indifference point for the CSF system, but a new model combining Davson's equation for CSF absorption and hydrostatic gradients in a collapsible venous system performed well and can be useful in future research on gravity and CSF physiology.

  • 31. Stephensen, H
    et al.
    Andersson, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurologi.
    Tisell, M
    Wikkelsö, C
    Objective B wave analysis in 55 patients with non-communicating and communicating hydrocephalus2005Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, ISSN 0022-3050, E-ISSN 1468-330X, Vol. 76, s. 965-970Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: B waves, slow and rhythmic oscillations in intracranial pressure (ICP), are claimed to be one of the best predictors of outcome after surgery for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).

    Object: To determine the relation between the percentage of B waves and outcome in patients with hydrocephalus, and also the diurnal variation of B waves.

    Methods: ICP and patient behaviour were recorded overnight (17 to 26 hours) in 29 patients with non-communicating hydrocephalus and 26 with NPH. The B wave activity, measured with an amplitude threshold of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mm Hg, was estimated as the percentage of total monitoring time (% B waves) using a computer algorithm, and correlated with postoperative outcome, defined as changes in 12 standardised symptoms and signs.

    Results: There was no linear correlation between improvement after surgery in the 55 patients and total % B waves, but a correlation was found between improvement and % B waves during sleep (r = 0.39, p = 0.04). The percentage of B waves was the same during sleep and wakefulness, and patients with NPH had the same proportion of B waves as the non-communicating patients.

    Conclusions: B waves are commonly observed in patients with both communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus, but are only weakly related to the degree of postsurgical improvement.

  • 32.
    Sundström, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Andersson, Kennet
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Marmarou, Anthony
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Comparison between 3 infusion methods to measure cerebrospinal fluid outflow conductance2010Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0022-3085, E-ISSN 1933-0693, Vol. 113, nr 6, s. 1294-1303Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Object There are several infusion methods available to estimate the outflow conductance (Cout) or outflow resistance (Rout = 1/Cout) of the CSF system. It has been stated that for unknown reasons, the bolus infusion method estimates a higher Cout than steady-state infusion methods. The aim of this study was to compare different infusion methods for estimation of Cout.

    Methods The following 3 different infusion methods were used: the bolus infusion method (Cout bol); the constant flow infusion method, both static (Cout stat) and dynamic (Cout dyn) analyses; and the constant pressure infusion method (Cout cpi). Repeated investigations were performed on an experimental model with well-known characteristics, with and without physiological pressure variations (B-waves, breathing, and so on). All 3 methods were also performed in a randomized order during the same investigation in 20 patients with probable or possible idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus; 6 of these patients had a shunt and 14 did not.

    Results Without the presence of physiological pressure variations, the concordance in the experimental model was good between all methods. When they were added, the repeatability was better for the steady-state methods and a significantly higher Cout was found with the bolus method in the region of clinically relevant Cout (p < 0.05). The visual fit for the bolus infusion was dependent on subjective assessment by the operator. This experimental finding was confirmed by the clinical results, where significant differences were found in the investigations in patients without shunts between Cout of the visual bolus method and Cout stat, Cout dyn, and Cout cpi (4.58, 4.18, and 6.12 μl/[second × kPa], respectively).

    Conclusions This study emphasized the necessity for standardization of Cout measurements. An experienced operator could partly compensate for difficulties in correctly estimating the pressure parameters for the bolus infusion method, but for the general user this study suggests a steady-state method for estimating Cout.

  • 33.
    Sundström, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Brorsson, Camilla
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Karlsson, Marcus
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Wiklund, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Neurokirurgi.
    Refeeding syndrome: multimodal monitoring and clinical manifestation of an internal severe neurotrauma2021Ingår i: Journal of clinical monitoring and computing, ISSN 1387-1307, E-ISSN 1573-2614, Vol. 35, s. 569-576Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a rare, potentially life-threatening, condition seen in malnourished patients starting refeeding. RFS may provoke seizures and acute encephalopathy and can be considered an internal severe neurotrauma in need of specific treatment. The objective was to describe course of disease, treatment and, for the first time, multimodal monitoring output in a comatose patient suffering RFS. After gastric-banding and severe weight loss, the patient initiated self-starving and was transferred to our intensive care unit (ICU) following rapid refeeding. At arrival, seizures, decrease in consciousness (GCS 7) and suspected acute encephalitis was presented. Serum albumin was 8 g/l. Intracranial pressure (ICP), invasive blood pressure and electrocardiography (ECG) were monitored. Pressure reactivity (PRx) and compliance (RAP) were calculated. The patient developed congestive heart failure, anuria and general oedema despite maximal neuro- and general ICU treatment. Global cerebral oedema and hypoperfusion areas with established ischemia were seen. ECG revealed massive cardiac arrhythmia and disturbed autonomic regulation. PRx indicated intact autoregulation (−0.06 ± 0.18, mean ± SD) and relatively normal compliance (RAP = 0.23 ± 0.13). After 15 days the clinical state was improved, and the patient returned to the primary hospital. RFS was associated with serious deviations in homeostasis, high ICP levels, ECG abnormalities, kidney and lung affections. It is of utmost importance to recognize this rare syndrome and to treat appropriately. Despite the severe clinical state, cerebral autoregulation and compensatory reserve were generally normal, questioning the applicability of indirect measurements such as PRx and RAP during neuro-intensive care treatment of RFS patients with cerebral engagement.

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  • 34.
    Sundström, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Djerf, Linda
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Olivecrona, Zandra
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Postural stability in patients with chronic subdural hematoma2016Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica, ISSN 0001-6268, E-ISSN 0942-0940, Vol. 158, nr 8, s. 1479-1485Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Gait disturbances and falls are common in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). Postural stability is mainly visually assessed and has not been described using an objective and quantitative measurement tool. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate postural stability in cSDH patients by measuring trunk sway during stance and gait compared to healthy elderly (HE). It was also to evaluate the relationships among postural stability and age, hematoma size, brain midline shift and hematoma location. Using a gyroscopic method, trunk sway was measured in 22 cSDH patients preoperatively, 5 postoperatively and 58 HE during seven standing and walking tasks. Trunk sway amplitude and velocity in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions were assessed. Postural stability was reduced in the cSDH group compared to HE for all standing tasks. During gait, the sway angle was increased while velocity was decreased in the cSDH group. Only 18 % of the patients could perform all tasks without losing their balance. Postoperatively, postural stability was normalized in the medial-lateral direction during standing. There were no correlations among age, hematoma size, brain midline shift or location of the hematoma and trunk sway. The majority of cSDH patients had reduced postural stability that was partly reversed soon after surgery. It was not correlated to hematoma characteristics, indicating that an increased risk to fall is present regardless of hematoma size and midline shift. This must be accounted for when handling these patients and measures taken to prevent further fall accidents during hospital stays.

  • 35.
    Sundström, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Lagebrant, Marcus
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Eklund, Anders
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Subdural hematomas in 1846 patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: treatment and long-term survival2018Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0022-3085, E-ISSN 1933-0693, Vol. 129, nr 3, s. 797-804Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE Subdural hematoma (SDH) is the most common serious adverse event in patients with shunts. Adjustable shunts are used with increasing frequency and make it possible to noninvasively treat postoperative SDH. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and treatment preferences of SDHs, based on fixed or adjustable shunt valves, in a national cohort of patients with shunted idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), as well as to evaluate the effect of SDH and treatment on long-term survival.

    METHODS Patients with iNPH who received a CSF shunt in Sweden from 2004 to 2015 were included in a prospective quality registry (n = 1846) and followed regarding SDH, its treatment, and mortality. The treatment of SDH was categorized into surgery, opening pressure adjustments, or no treatment.

    RESULTS During the study period, the proportion of adjustable shunts increased from 75% to 95%. Ten percent (n = 184) of the patients developed an SDH. In 103 patients, treatment was solely opening pressure adjustment. Surgical treatment was used in 66 cases (36%), and 15 (8%) received no treatment. In patients with fixed shunt valves, 90% (n = 17) of SDHs were treated surgically compared with 30% (n = 49) in patients with adjustable shunts (p < 0.001). There was no difference in long-term patient survival between the SDH and non-SDH groups or between different treatments.

    CONCLUSIONS SDH remains a common complication after shunt surgery, but adjustable shunts reduced the need for surgical interventions. SDH and treatment did not significantly affect survival in this patient group, thus the noninvasive treatment offered by adjustable shunts considerably reduces the level of severity for this common adverse event.

  • 36.
    Sundström, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Lundin, Fredrik
    Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Arvidsson, Lisa
    Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tullberg, Mats
    Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Wikkelsø, Carsten
    Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The demography of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: data on 3000 consecutive, surgically treated patients and a systematic review of the literature2022Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0022-3085, E-ISSN 1933-0693, Vol. 137, nr 5, s. 1310-1320Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic characteristics of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) through an analysis of 3000 consecutive, surgically treated Swedish patients and a systematic review of the literature.

    Methods: Data on age, sex, comorbidities, diagnostic delay, initial symptoms, and severity of symptoms at diagnosis were extracted from the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry. In addition, a systematic PRISMA-based review of the literature published from database inception until August 2019 was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases on the basis of two concepts: normal pressure hydrocephalus and demography and their association with related terms. Of 1020 unique articles, 16 were eligible for study inclusion and were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Mean and weighted mean values were calculated.

    Results: The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 74.4 years, 79% of patients were in their 70s, and 60% of the patients were men. Almost 50% of the patients had symptoms from four main domains (i.e., balance, gait, cognition, and urinary dysfunction) at disease onset. Patients aged < 60 years (2%) reported more headaches and fewer balance problems than those aged ≥ 60. Women were more impaired in function than men at the time of diagnosis. Dementia (Mini-Mental State Examination score < 25) was found in 47% of the patients. Men had more diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and stroke than women, and comorbidity correlated with increased impairment. The incidence of surgery for iNPH was 20%-40% of the disease incidence according to survey and operation-based studies.

    Conclusions: Most iNPH patients undergo surgery in their 70s. Those aged < 60 years show slightly different symptomatology and probably present with a specific disease entity, indicating that the lower age limit for iNPH should be 60 years. iNPH patients have severe impairment preceded by a long diagnostic delay. Even though the included study designs differed, the systematic review showed that the disorder has a very low treatment incidence. The importance of diagnosing and treating iNPH is further emphasized by the fact that iNPH may account for a considerable part of all cases of dementia.

  • 37.
    Sundström, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper.
    Malm, Jan
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Laurell, Katarina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för farmakologi och klinisk neurovetenskap, Klinisk neurovetenskap.
    Lundin, Fredrik
    Kahlon, Babar
    Cesarini, Kristina G
    Leijon, Göran
    Wikkelsö, Carsten
    Incidence and outcome of surgery for adult hydrocephalus patients in Sweden2017Ingår i: British Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0268-8697, E-ISSN 1360-046X, Vol. 31, nr 1, s. 21-27Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECT: To present population-based and age related incidence of surgery and clinical outcome for adult patients operated for hydrocephalus, registered in the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR).

    METHODS: All patients registered in SHQR during 2004-2011 were included. Data on age, gender, type of hydrocephalus and type of surgery were extracted as well as three months outcome for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

    RESULTS: The material consisted of 2360 patients, 1229 men and 1131 women, age 63.8 ± 14.4 years (mean ± standard deviation (SD)). The mean total incidence of surgery was 5.1 ± 0.9 surgeries/100,000/year; 4.7 ± 0.9 shunt surgeries and 0.4 ± 0.1 endoscopic third ventriculostomies. For iNPH, secondary communicating hydrocephalus and obstructive hydrocephalus, the incidence of surgery was 2.2 ± 0.8, 1.9 ± 0.3 and 0.8 ± 0.1/100,000/year, respectively. During 2004-2011, the incidence of surgery increased in total (p = .044), especially in age groups 70-79 years and ≥80 years (p = .012 and p = .031). After surgery, 253 of 652 iNPH patients (38.8%) improved at least one step on the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Number needed to treat was 3.0 for improving one patient from unfavourable (mRS 3-5) to favourable (mRS 0-2). The mean score of a modified iNPH scale increased from 54 ± 23 preoperatively to 63 ± 25 postoperatively (p < .0001, n = 704), and 58% improved. No significant regional differences in incidence, surgical techniques or outcome were found.

    CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of hydrocephalus surgery increased significantly during 2004-2011, specifically in elderly patients. Surgical treatment of iNPH markedly improved functional independence, but the improvement rate was low compared to recent single- and multicentre studies. Thus, the potential for surgical improvement is likely lower than generally reported when treating patients as part of everyday clinical care.

  • 38.
    Sundström, Nina
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Rydja, Johanna
    Department of Activity and Health, and Department of Biomedical and ClinicalSciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Virhammar, Johan
    Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kollén, Lena
    Department of Neurology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Lundin, Fredrik
    Department of Neurology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Tullberg, Mats
    Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The timed up and go test in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a Nationwide Study of 1300 patients2022Ingår i: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, E-ISSN 2045-8118, Vol. 19, nr 1, artikel-id 4Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The aim of this study was to describe the outcome measure timed up and go (TUG) in a large, nationwide cohort of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) pre- and post-operatively. Furthermore, to compare the TUG test to the 10-m walk test (10MWT), the iNPH scale, the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), which are commonly applied in clinical assessment of iNPH.

    Methods: Patients with iNPH (n = 1300), registered in the Swedish Hydrocephalus Quality Registry (SHQR), were included. All data were retrieved from the SHQR except the 10MWT, which was collected from patient medical records. Clinical scales were examined pre- and 3 months post-operatively. Data were dichotomised by sex, age, and preoperative TUG time.

    Results: Preoperative TUG values were 19.0 [14.0–26.0] s (median [IQR]) and 23 [18–30] steps. Post-operatively, significant improvements to 14.0 [11.0–20.0] s and 19 [15–25] steps were seen. TUG time and steps were higher in women compared to men (p < 0.001) but there was no sex difference in improvement rate. Worse preoperative TUG and younger age favoured improvement. TUG was highly correlated to the 10MWT, but correlations of post-operative changes were only low to moderate between all scales (r = 0.22–0.61).

    Conclusions: This study establishes the distribution of TUG in iNPH patients and shows that the test captures important clinical features that improve after surgery independent of sex and in all age groups, confirming the clinical value of the TUG test. TUG performance is associated with performance on the 10MWT pre- and post-operatively. However, the weak correlations in post-operative change to the 10MWT and other established outcome measures indicate an additional value of TUG when assessing the effects of shunt surgery.

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  • 39.
    Wijayatunga, Priyantha
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Statistik. Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för klinisk vetenskap, Neurovetenskaper.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Probabilistic prediction of increased intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury2022Ingår i: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 12, nr 1, artikel-id 9600Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes alteration in brain functions. Generally, at intensive care units (ICU), intracranial pressure (ICP) is monitored and treated to avoid increases in ICP with associated poor clinical outcome. The aim was to develop a model which could predict future ICP levels of individual patients in the ICU, to warn treating clinicians before secondary injuries occur. A simple and explainable, probabilistic Markov model was developed for the prediction task ICP ≥ 20 mmHg. Predictions were made for 10-min intervals during 60 min, based on preceding hour of ICP. A prediction enhancement method was developed to compensate for data imbalance. The model was evaluated on 29 patients with severe TBI. With random data selection from all patients (80/20% training/testing) the specificity of the model was high (0.94–0.95) and the sensitivity good to high (0.73–0.87). Performance was similar (0.90–0.95 and 0.73–0.89 respectively) when the leave-oneout cross-validation was applied. The new model could predict increased levels of ICP in a reliable manner and the enhancement method further improved the predictions. Further advantages are the straightforward expandability of the model, enabling inclusion of other time series data and/or static parameters. Next step is evaluation on more patients and inclusion of parameters other than ICP.

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  • 40.
    Wijayatunga, Priyantha
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, Statistik.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Discriminative Prediction of Adverse Events for Optimized Therapies Following Traumatic Brain Injury2019Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes temporary or perma- nent alteration in brain functions. At intensive care units, TBI patients are usually multimodally monitored, thus rendering large volumes of data on many physiological variables. For the physician, these data are difficult to interpret due to their complexity, speed and volume. Thus, computa- tional aids are recommended, e.g., for predicting patient’s clinical status in near future. In this article, we describe a probabilistic model that can be used for aiding physician’s decision making process in TBI patient care in real time. Our model tries to capture time varying patterns of patient’s clinical information. The model is built by using a discrimi- native model learning framework so that it can predict adverse clinical events with a higher level of accuracy. That is, our model is built so that prediction of certain desired events are given more attention than that of the other less important ones. This can be achieved by estimating model parameters in such a way, for e.g. using a cost function, when a suitable model structure has been selected, that again can be done dis- criminatively. However, such estimation procedures have no closed form solutions, so numerical optimization methods are used.

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  • 41.
    Öhberg, Fredrik
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Bäcklund, Tomas
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Grip, Helena
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Portable Sensors Add Reliable Kinematic Measures to the Assessment of Upper Extremity Function2019Ingår i: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 19, nr 5, artikel-id 1241Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Ordinal scales with low resolution are used to assess arm function in clinic. These scales may be improved by adding objective kinematic measures. The aim was to analyze within-subject, inter-rater and overall reliability (i.e., including within-subject and inter-rater reliability) and check the system's validity of kinematic measures from inertial sensors for two such protocols on one person. Twenty healthy volunteers repeatedly performed two tasks, finger-to-nose and drinking, during two test sessions with two different raters. Five inertial sensors, on the forearms, upper arms and xiphoid process were used. Comparisons against an optical camera system evaluated the measurement validity. Cycle time, range of motion (ROM) in shoulder and elbow were calculated. Bland-Altman plots and linear mixed models including the generalizability (G) coefficient evaluated the reliability of the measures. Within-subject reliability was good to excellent in both tests (G = 0.80-0.97) and may serve as a baseline when assessing upper extremities in future patient groups. Overall reliability was acceptable to excellent (G = 0.77-0.94) for all parameters except elbow axial rotation in finger-to-nose task and both elbow axial rotation and flexion/extension in drinking task, mainly due to poor inter-rater reliability in these parameters. The low to good reliability for elbow ROM probably relates to high within-subject variability. The sensors provided good to excellent measures of cycle time and shoulder ROM in non-disabled individuals and thus have the potential to improve today's assessment of arm function.

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  • 42.
    Öhberg, Fredrik
    et al.
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Vänn, Mårten
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Jonzén, Karolina
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Edström, Urban
    Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF). Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik.
    Sundström, Nina
    Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, Radiofysik. Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Centrum för medicinsk teknik och fysik (CMTF).
    Comparison between two mobile applications measuring shoulder elevation angle–A validity and feasibility study2021Ingår i: Medical Engineering and Physics, ISSN 1350-4533, E-ISSN 1873-4030, Vol. 98, s. 1-7Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Pain in the shoulder complex affects the working population where work with elevated arms is a risk factor. The aim of the present study was to compare a mobile application for measurements of arm elevation, ErgoExposure, against an existing mobile application, ErgoArmMeter, in a laboratory setting and to test the feasibility in a field trial. Eleven persons performed three tasks in the laboratory setting: static, dynamic, and simulated work tasks, where the applications were validated against an optical tracking system (OTS). Also, ErgoExposure was tested by a teacher in a real-world situation. Limits of agreement for the static task varied between -6.1° to 4.2° (ErgoExposure) and between -7.6° to 5.2° (ErgoArmMeter). The average root mean square difference for dynamic and simulated work tasks was 3.4° (ErgoExposure) and 7.7° (ErgoArmMeter). From the field trial, different work tasks produced distinct exposure variation analysis patterns. Both apps showed similar results compared to OTS, but ErgoExposure was more accurate than ErgoArmMeter.

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